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FRC?","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.1-why-java-for-frc",{"path":9,"title":10,"stem":11},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers","Intro to Algorithms, Programming & Compilers","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers",{"path":13,"title":14,"stem":15},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F1-variables-and-data-types","Variables & Data Types","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.1-variables-and-data-types",{"path":17,"title":18,"stem":19},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2-expressions-and-output","Expressions & Output","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.2-expressions-and-output",{"path":21,"title":22,"stem":23},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F3-assignment-and-input","Assignment & Input","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.3-assignment-and-input",{"path":25,"title":26,"stem":27},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F4-casting-and-ranges-of-values","Casting & Ranges of Values","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.4-casting-and-ranges-of-values",{"path":29,"title":30,"stem":31},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F5-compound-assignment-operators","Compound Assignment Operators","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.5-compound-assignment-operators",{"path":33,"title":34,"stem":35},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F1-apis-and-libraries","APIs and Libraries","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.1-apis-and-libraries",{"path":37,"title":38,"stem":39},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions","Documentation with Comments and Preconditions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions",{"path":41,"title":42,"stem":43},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3-packages-and-imports","Packages & Imports","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.3-packages-and-imports",{"path":45,"title":46,"stem":47},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F1-methods-signatures-and-parameters","Methods, Signatures & Parameters","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.1-methods-signatures-and-parameters",{"path":49,"title":50,"stem":51},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F2-calling-class-methods","Calling Class Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods",{"path":53,"title":54,"stem":55},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F3-using-the-math-class","Using the Math Class","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.3-using-the-math-class",{"path":57,"title":58,"stem":59},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4-objects-instances-of-classes","Objects — Instances of Classes","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.4-objects-instances-of-classes",{"path":61,"title":62,"stem":63},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors","Creating & Initializing Objects: Constructors","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors",{"path":65,"title":66,"stem":67},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F6-calling-instance-methods","Calling Instance Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.6-calling-instance-methods",{"path":69,"title":70,"stem":71},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops","Control Structures: if Statements & For Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops",{"path":73,"title":74,"stem":75},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F10-nested-iteration","Nested Iteration","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.10-nested-iteration",{"path":77,"title":78,"stem":79},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops","Informal Runtime Analysis of Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops",{"path":81,"title":82,"stem":83},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition","Algorithms with Selection and Repetition","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition",{"path":85,"title":86,"stem":87},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F4-boolean-expressions","Boolean Expressions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.4-boolean-expressions",{"path":89,"title":90,"stem":91},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5-nested-if-statements","Nested if Statements","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.5-nested-if-statements",{"path":93,"title":94,"stem":95},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F6-compound-boolean-expressions","Compound Boolean Expressions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.6-compound-boolean-expressions",{"path":97,"title":98,"stem":99},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws","Comparing Boolean Expressions (De Morgan's Laws)","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws",{"path":101,"title":102,"stem":103},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F8-while-loops","While Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.8-while-loops",{"path":105,"title":106,"stem":107},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms","Implementing Selection and Iteration Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms",{"path":109,"title":110,"stem":111},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F1-strings","Strings","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings",{"path":113,"title":114,"stem":115},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F2-string-algorithms","String Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.2-string-algorithms",{"path":117,"title":118,"stem":119},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F1-anatomy-of-a-java-class","The Class Blueprint","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.1-anatomy-of-a-java-class",{"path":121,"title":122,"stem":123},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F2-methods-how-to-write-them","Methods: How to Write Them","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.2-methods-how-to-write-them",{"path":125,"title":126,"stem":127},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object","Methods: Passing & Returning References of an Object","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object",{"path":129,"title":130,"stem":131},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F4-class-static-variables-and-methods","Class (static) Variables & Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods",{"path":133,"title":134,"stem":135},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F1-8.2-constructors-and-this","Constructors & \"this\"","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F8.1-8.2-constructors-and-this",{"path":137,"title":138,"stem":139},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F1-array-creation-and-access","Array Creation and Access","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.1-array-creation-and-access",{"path":141,"title":142,"stem":143},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F2-arraylist-and-its-methods","ArrayList and its Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.2-arraylist-and-its-methods",{"path":145,"title":146,"stem":147},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure","Optional: HashMap (Dictionary) Data Structure","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure",{"path":149,"title":150,"stem":151},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F4-array-traversals","Array Traversals","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.4-array-traversals",{"path":153,"title":154,"stem":155},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F5-implementing-array-algorithms","Implementing Array Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.5-implementing-array-algorithms",{"path":157,"title":158,"stem":159},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F6-arraylist-traversals","ArrayList Traversals","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.6-arraylist-traversals",{"path":161,"title":162,"stem":163},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms","Implementing ArrayList Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms",{"path":165,"title":166,"stem":167},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F8-using-text-files","Using Text Files","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files",{"path":169,"title":170,"stem":171},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F1-2d-array-creation-and-access","2D Array Creation and Access","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.1-2d-array-creation-and-access",{"path":173,"title":174,"stem":175},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops","2D Array Traversals: Nested Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops",{"path":177,"title":178,"stem":179},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms","Implementing 2D Array Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms",{"path":181,"title":182,"stem":183},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices","Enums: Named Choices","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices",{"path":185,"title":186,"stem":187},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch","Exceptions & try\u002Fcatch","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch",{"path":189,"title":190,"stem":191},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas","Common Gotchas","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas",{"path":193,"title":194,"stem":195},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch14-why-design-patterns\u002F14-why-design-patterns","Why Design Patterns?","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch14-why-design-patterns\u002F14-why-design-patterns",{"path":197,"title":198,"stem":199},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections","Advanced Collections (Set\u002FQueue\u002FMap)","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections",{"path":201,"title":202,"stem":203},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics","Writing Your Own Generics","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics",{"path":205,"title":206,"stem":207},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F1-inheritance-superclass-subclass","Inheritance, Superclass, Subclass","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.1-inheritance-superclass-subclass",{"path":209,"title":210,"stem":211},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F2-inheritance-and-constructors","Inheritance and Constructors","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.2-inheritance-and-constructors",{"path":213,"title":214,"stem":215},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F3-inheritance-hierarchies","Inheritance Hierarchies","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.3-inheritance-hierarchies",{"path":217,"title":218,"stem":219},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F4-object-superclass","Object Superclass","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.4-object-superclass",{"path":221,"title":222,"stem":223},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F1-overriding-methods","Overriding Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.1-overriding-methods",{"path":225,"title":226,"stem":227},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F2-super-keyword","super Keyword","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.2-super-keyword",{"path":229,"title":230,"stem":231},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F3-polymorphism","Polymorphism","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.3-polymorphism",{"path":233,"title":234,"stem":235},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts","Interfaces as Contracts","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts",{"path":237,"title":238,"stem":239},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F1-lambdas-and-method-references","Lambdas & Method References","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19.1-lambdas-and-method-references",{"path":241,"title":242,"stem":243},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern","The IO-Layer Pattern","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern",{"path":245,"title":246,"stem":247},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories","Static Factories","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories",{"path":249,"title":250,"stem":251},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern","The Builder Pattern","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern",{"path":253,"title":254,"stem":255},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F1-scope-and-access","Scope and Access","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F23.1-scope-and-access",{"path":257,"title":258,"stem":259},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions","Optional: Avoiding Null Pointer Exceptions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions",{"path":261,"title":262,"stem":263},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F1-what-is-command-based-programming","What Is Command-Based Programming?","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.1-what-is-command-based-programming",{"path":265,"title":266,"stem":267},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F2-commands-and-command-compositions","Commands & Command Compositions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.2-commands-and-command-compositions",{"path":269,"title":270,"stem":271},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F3-the-command-scheduler","The Command Scheduler","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.3-the-command-scheduler",{"path":273,"title":274,"stem":275},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F4-state-machines-logic","State Machines: Logic","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.4-state-machines-logic",{"path":277,"title":278,"stem":279},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F5-managing-transitions","Managing Transitions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.5-managing-transitions",{"path":281,"title":282,"stem":283},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F6-binding-commands-to-triggers","Binding Commands to Triggers","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.6-binding-commands-to-triggers",{"path":285,"title":286,"stem":287},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project","Structuring a Command-Based Robot Project","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project",{"path":289,"title":290,"stem":291},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways","Architecture Takeaways","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways",{"path":293,"title":294,"stem":295},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F1-abstraction-and-program-design","Abstraction and Program Design","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.1-abstraction-and-program-design",{"path":297,"title":298,"stem":299},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F2-impact-of-program-design","Impact of Program Design","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.2-impact-of-program-design",{"path":301,"title":302,"stem":303},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F1-searching-algorithms","Searching Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.1-searching-algorithms",{"path":305,"title":306,"stem":307},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F2-sorting-algorithms","Sorting Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.2-sorting-algorithms",{"path":309,"title":310,"stem":311},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F3-recursion","Recursion","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.3-recursion",{"path":313,"title":314,"stem":315},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F4-recursive-searching-and-sorting","Recursive Searching and Sorting","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.4-recursive-searching-and-sorting",{"path":317,"title":318,"stem":319},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch29-git-and-github-basics\u002F1-coming-soon","Git & GitHub Basics — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch29-git-and-github-basics\u002F29.1-coming-soon",{"path":321,"title":322,"stem":323},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch30-git-history-and-merging\u002F1-coming-soon","Git — History & Merging — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch30-git-history-and-merging\u002F30.1-coming-soon",{"path":325,"title":326,"stem":327},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch31-dev-environment-and-tooling\u002F1-coming-soon","Dev Environment & Tooling — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch31-dev-environment-and-tooling\u002F31.1-coming-soon",{"path":329,"title":330,"stem":331},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch32-unit-testing\u002F1-coming-soon","Unit Testing — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch32-unit-testing\u002F32.1-coming-soon",{"path":333,"title":334,"stem":335},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch33-advantagekit-autologging\u002F1-coming-soon","AdvantageKit — AutoLogging — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch33-advantagekit-autologging\u002F33.1-coming-soon",{"path":337,"title":338,"stem":339},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch34-log-replay\u002F1-coming-soon","Log Replay — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch34-log-replay\u002F34.1-coming-soon",{"path":341,"title":342,"stem":343},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch35-advantagescope-i-visualization\u002F1-coming-soon","AdvantageScope I: Visualization — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch35-advantagescope-i-visualization\u002F35.1-coming-soon",{"path":345,"title":346,"stem":347},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch36-advantagescope-ii-custom-3d-assets\u002F1-coming-soon","AdvantageScope II: Custom 3D Assets — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch36-advantagescope-ii-custom-3d-assets\u002F36.1-coming-soon",{"path":349,"title":350,"stem":351},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch37-autonomous-i\u002F1-coming-soon","Autonomous I — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch37-autonomous-i\u002F37.1-coming-soon",{"path":353,"title":354,"stem":355},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch38-autonomous-ii-pathplanner-and-trajectories\u002F1-coming-soon","Autonomous II: PathPlanner & Trajectories — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch38-autonomous-ii-pathplanner-and-trajectories\u002F38.1-coming-soon",{"path":357,"title":358,"stem":359},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch39-control-fundamentals\u002F1-coming-soon","Control Fundamentals — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch39-control-fundamentals\u002F39.1-coming-soon",{"path":361,"title":362,"stem":363},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch40-motion-profiles\u002F1-coming-soon","Motion Profiles — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch40-motion-profiles\u002F40.1-coming-soon",{"path":365,"title":366,"stem":367},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch41-hardware-fundamentals\u002F1-coming-soon","Hardware Fundamentals — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch41-hardware-fundamentals\u002F41.1-coming-soon",{"path":369,"title":370,"stem":371},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch42-photonvision\u002F1-coming-soon","PhotonVision — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch42-photonvision\u002F42.1-coming-soon",{"path":373,"title":374,"stem":375},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch43-apriltags-and-pose\u002F1-coming-soon","AprilTags & Pose — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch43-apriltags-and-pose\u002F43.1-coming-soon",{"path":377,"title":378,"stem":379},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch44-subsystems-i\u002F1-coming-soon","Subsystems I — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch44-subsystems-i\u002F44.1-coming-soon",{"path":381,"title":382,"stem":383},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch45-subsystems-ii-advanced\u002F1-coming-soon","Subsystems II — Advanced — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch45-subsystems-ii-advanced\u002F45.1-coming-soon",{"path":385,"title":386,"stem":387},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch46-team-utilities-i\u002F1-coming-soon","Team Utilities I — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch46-team-utilities-i\u002F46.1-coming-soon",{"path":389,"title":390,"stem":391},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch47-field-constants\u002F1-coming-soon","Field Constants — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch47-field-constants\u002F47.1-coming-soon",{"path":393,"title":394,"stem":395},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch48-troubleshooting-i-runtime-debug\u002F1-coming-soon","Troubleshooting I — Runtime Debug — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch48-troubleshooting-i-runtime-debug\u002F48.1-coming-soon",{"path":397,"title":398,"stem":399},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch49-troubleshooting-ii-can-and-sim\u002F1-coming-soon","Troubleshooting II: CAN & Sim — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch49-troubleshooting-ii-can-and-sim\u002F49.1-coming-soon",{"path":401,"title":402,"stem":403},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch50-vendor-libraries-talonfx\u002F1-coming-soon","Vendor Libraries: TalonFX — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch50-vendor-libraries-talonfx\u002F50.1-coming-soon",{"path":405,"title":406,"stem":407},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch51-robot-alerts\u002F1-coming-soon","Robot Alerts — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch51-robot-alerts\u002F51.1-coming-soon",{"path":409,"title":410,"stem":411},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch52-wpilib-commands\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Commands — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch52-wpilib-commands\u002F52.1-coming-soon",{"path":413,"title":414,"stem":415},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch53-wpilib-geometry\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Geometry — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch53-wpilib-geometry\u002F53.1-coming-soon",{"path":417,"title":418,"stem":419},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch54-networktables\u002F1-coming-soon","NetworkTables — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch54-networktables\u002F54.1-coming-soon",{"path":421,"title":422,"stem":423},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch55-command-scheduler\u002F1-coming-soon","Command Scheduler — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch55-command-scheduler\u002F55.1-coming-soon",{"path":425,"title":426,"stem":427},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch56-wpilib-timers\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Timers — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch56-wpilib-timers\u002F56.1-coming-soon",{"path":429,"title":430,"stem":431},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch57-wpilib-triggers\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Triggers — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch57-wpilib-triggers\u002F57.1-coming-soon",{"path":433,"title":434,"stem":435},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch58-vendor-units-and-conversions\u002F1-coming-soon","Vendor Units & Conversions — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch58-vendor-units-and-conversions\u002F58.1-coming-soon",[437,441,445,449,453,457,461,465,469,473,477,481,485,489,493,497,501,505,509,513,517,521,525,529,533,537,541,545,549,553,557,561,565,569,573,577,581,585,589,593],{"path":438,"title":439,"stem":440},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers","Intro to Algorithms, Programming & Compilers — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers",{"path":442,"title":443,"stem":444},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F1-variables-and-data-types","Variables & Data Types — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.1-variables-and-data-types",{"path":446,"title":447,"stem":448},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2-expressions-and-output","Expressions & Output — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.2-expressions-and-output",{"path":450,"title":451,"stem":452},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F3-assignment-and-input","Assignment & Input — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.3-assignment-and-input",{"path":454,"title":455,"stem":456},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F4-casting-and-ranges-of-values","Casting & Ranges of Values — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.4-casting-and-ranges-of-values",{"path":458,"title":459,"stem":460},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F5-compound-assignment-operators","Compound Assignment Operators — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.5-compound-assignment-operators",{"path":462,"title":463,"stem":464},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F1-apis-and-libraries","APIs and Libraries — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.1-apis-and-libraries",{"path":466,"title":467,"stem":468},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions","Documentation with Comments and Preconditions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions",{"path":470,"title":471,"stem":472},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3-packages-and-imports","Packages & Imports — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.3-packages-and-imports",{"path":474,"title":475,"stem":476},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F1-methods-signatures-and-parameters","Methods, Signatures & Parameters — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.1-methods-signatures-and-parameters",{"path":478,"title":479,"stem":480},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F2-calling-class-methods","Calling Class Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods",{"path":482,"title":483,"stem":484},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F3-using-the-math-class","Using the Math Class — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.3-using-the-math-class",{"path":486,"title":487,"stem":488},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4-objects-instances-of-classes","Objects — Instances of Classes — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.4-objects-instances-of-classes",{"path":490,"title":491,"stem":492},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors","Creating & Initializing Objects: Constructors — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors",{"path":494,"title":495,"stem":496},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F6-calling-instance-methods","Calling Instance Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.6-calling-instance-methods",{"path":498,"title":499,"stem":500},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops","if Statements & For Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops",{"path":502,"title":503,"stem":504},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F10-nested-iteration","Nested Iteration — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.10-nested-iteration",{"path":506,"title":507,"stem":508},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops","Informal Runtime Analysis of Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops",{"path":510,"title":511,"stem":512},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition","Algorithms with Selection and Repetition — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition",{"path":514,"title":515,"stem":516},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F4-boolean-expressions","Boolean Expressions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.4-boolean-expressions",{"path":518,"title":519,"stem":520},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5-nested-if-statements","Nested if Statements — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.5-nested-if-statements",{"path":522,"title":523,"stem":524},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F6-compound-boolean-expressions","Compound Boolean Expressions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.6-compound-boolean-expressions",{"path":526,"title":527,"stem":528},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws","Comparing Boolean Expressions (De Morgan's Laws) — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws",{"path":530,"title":531,"stem":532},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F8-while-loops","While Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.8-while-loops",{"path":534,"title":535,"stem":536},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms","Implementing Selection and Iteration Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms",{"path":538,"title":539,"stem":540},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F1-strings","Strings — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings",{"path":542,"title":543,"stem":544},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F2-string-algorithms","String Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.2-string-algorithms",{"path":546,"title":547,"stem":548},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F1-anatomy-of-a-java-class","Anatomy of a Java Class — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.1-anatomy-of-a-java-class",{"path":550,"title":551,"stem":552},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F2-methods-how-to-write-them","Methods: How to Write Them — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.2-methods-how-to-write-them",{"path":554,"title":555,"stem":556},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object","Methods: Passing & Returning References of an Object — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object",{"path":558,"title":559,"stem":560},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F4-class-static-variables-and-methods","Class (static) Variables & Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods",{"path":562,"title":563,"stem":564},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F1-8.2-constructors-and-this","Constructors & \"this\" — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F8.1-8.2-constructors-and-this",{"path":566,"title":567,"stem":568},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F1-array-creation-and-access","Array Creation and Access — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.1-array-creation-and-access",{"path":570,"title":571,"stem":572},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F2-arraylist-and-its-methods","ArrayList and its Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.2-arraylist-and-its-methods",{"path":574,"title":575,"stem":576},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure","Optional: HashMap (Dictionary) Data Structure — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure",{"path":578,"title":579,"stem":580},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F4-array-traversals","Array Traversals — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.4-array-traversals",{"path":582,"title":583,"stem":584},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F5-implementing-array-algorithms","Implementing Array Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.5-implementing-array-algorithms",{"path":586,"title":587,"stem":588},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F6-arraylist-traversals","ArrayList Traversals — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.6-arraylist-traversals",{"path":590,"title":591,"stem":592},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms","Implementing ArrayList Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms",{"path":594,"title":595,"stem":596},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F8-using-text-files","Using Text Files — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files",[598,602,606,610,614,618,622,626,630,634,638,642,646,650,654,658,662,666,670,674,678,682,686,690,694,698,702,706,710,714,718,722,726,730,734,738,742,746,750,754],{"path":599,"title":600,"stem":601},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers","Intro to Algorithms, Programming & Compilers — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers",{"path":603,"title":604,"stem":605},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F1-variables-and-data-types","Variables & Data Types — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.1-variables-and-data-types",{"path":607,"title":608,"stem":609},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2-expressions-and-output","Expressions & Output — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.2-expressions-and-output",{"path":611,"title":612,"stem":613},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F3-assignment-and-input","Assignment & Input — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.3-assignment-and-input",{"path":615,"title":616,"stem":617},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F4-casting-and-ranges-of-values","Casting & Ranges of Values — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.4-casting-and-ranges-of-values",{"path":619,"title":620,"stem":621},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F5-compound-assignment-operators","Compound Assignment Operators — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.5-compound-assignment-operators",{"path":623,"title":624,"stem":625},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F1-apis-and-libraries","APIs and Libraries — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.1-apis-and-libraries",{"path":627,"title":628,"stem":629},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions","Documentation with Comments and Preconditions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions",{"path":631,"title":632,"stem":633},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3-packages-and-imports","Packages & Imports — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.3-packages-and-imports",{"path":635,"title":636,"stem":637},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F1-methods-signatures-and-parameters","Methods, Signatures & Parameters — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.1-methods-signatures-and-parameters",{"path":639,"title":640,"stem":641},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F2-calling-class-methods","Calling Class Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods",{"path":643,"title":644,"stem":645},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F3-using-the-math-class","Using the Math Class — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.3-using-the-math-class",{"path":647,"title":648,"stem":649},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4-objects-instances-of-classes","Objects — Instances of Classes — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.4-objects-instances-of-classes",{"path":651,"title":652,"stem":653},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors","Creating & Initializing Objects: Constructors — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors",{"path":655,"title":656,"stem":657},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F6-calling-instance-methods","Calling Instance Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.6-calling-instance-methods",{"path":659,"title":660,"stem":661},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops","if Statements & For Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops",{"path":663,"title":664,"stem":665},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F10-nested-iteration","Nested Iteration — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.10-nested-iteration",{"path":667,"title":668,"stem":669},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops","Informal Runtime Analysis of Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops",{"path":671,"title":672,"stem":673},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition","Algorithms with Selection and Repetition — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition",{"path":675,"title":676,"stem":677},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F4-boolean-expressions","Boolean Expressions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.4-boolean-expressions",{"path":679,"title":680,"stem":681},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5-nested-if-statements","Nested if Statements — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.5-nested-if-statements",{"path":683,"title":684,"stem":685},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F6-compound-boolean-expressions","Compound Boolean Expressions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.6-compound-boolean-expressions",{"path":687,"title":688,"stem":689},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws","Comparing Boolean Expressions (De Morgan's Laws) — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws",{"path":691,"title":692,"stem":693},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F8-while-loops","While Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.8-while-loops",{"path":695,"title":696,"stem":697},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms","Implementing Selection and Iteration Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms",{"path":699,"title":700,"stem":701},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F1-strings","Strings — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings",{"path":703,"title":704,"stem":705},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F2-string-algorithms","String Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.2-string-algorithms",{"path":707,"title":708,"stem":709},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F1-anatomy-of-a-java-class","Anatomy of a Java Class — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.1-anatomy-of-a-java-class",{"path":711,"title":712,"stem":713},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F2-methods-how-to-write-them","Methods: How to Write Them — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.2-methods-how-to-write-them",{"path":715,"title":716,"stem":717},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object","Methods: Passing & Returning References of an Object — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object",{"path":719,"title":720,"stem":721},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F4-class-static-variables-and-methods","Class (static) Variables & Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods",{"path":723,"title":724,"stem":725},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F1-8.2-constructors-and-this","Constructors & \"this\" — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F8.1-8.2-constructors-and-this",{"path":727,"title":728,"stem":729},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F1-array-creation-and-access","Array Creation and Access — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.1-array-creation-and-access",{"path":731,"title":732,"stem":733},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F2-arraylist-and-its-methods","ArrayList and its Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.2-arraylist-and-its-methods",{"path":735,"title":736,"stem":737},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure","Optional: HashMap (Dictionary) Data Structure — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure",{"path":739,"title":740,"stem":741},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F4-array-traversals","Array Traversals — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.4-array-traversals",{"path":743,"title":744,"stem":745},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F5-implementing-array-algorithms","Implementing Array Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.5-implementing-array-algorithms",{"path":747,"title":748,"stem":749},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F6-arraylist-traversals","ArrayList Traversals — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.6-arraylist-traversals",{"path":751,"title":752,"stem":753},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms","Implementing ArrayList Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms",{"path":755,"title":756,"stem":757},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F8-using-text-files","Using Text Files — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files",{"id":759,"title":50,"body":760,"description":800,"extension":996,"meta":997,"navigation":1000,"path":49,"seo":1001,"stem":51,"__hash__":1002},"lessons\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods.md",{"type":761,"value":762,"toc":989},"minimark",[763,767,772,794,810,813,817,828,862,871,886,890,911,926,930,950,954,974,985],[764,765,50],"h1",{"id":766},"calling-class-methods",[768,769,771],"h2",{"id":770},"class-methods-static-methods","Class Methods (Static Methods)",[773,774,775,776,780,781,785,786,789,790,793],"p",{},"A method marked ",[777,778,779],"code",{},"static"," belongs to the class itself, not to any object — called a ",[782,783,784],"strong",{},"class method"," or ",[782,787,788],{},"static method",". ",[777,791,792],{},"main"," is always static. Call one using the class name and the dot operator:",[795,796,801],"pre",{"className":797,"code":798,"language":799,"meta":800,"style":800},"language-java shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","double distance = Math.abs(target - current);\n","java","",[777,802,803],{"__ignoreMap":800},[804,805,808],"span",{"class":806,"line":807},"line",1,[804,809,798],{},[773,811,812],{},"Inside the same class that defines the method, you can drop the class name and just call it directly.",[768,814,816],{"id":815},"void-vs-non-void-methods","Void vs. Non-Void Methods",[773,818,819,820,823,824,827],{},"A ",[777,821,822],{},"void"," method doesn't return anything — you call it purely for its effect (like printing, or setting a motor's speed). A ",[782,825,826],{},"non-void"," method computes and returns a value, which the caller must actually use:",[795,829,831],{"className":797,"code":830,"language":799,"meta":800,"style":800},"public static int square(int number)\n{\n    int result = number * number;\n    return result;\n}\n",[777,832,833,838,844,850,856],{"__ignoreMap":800},[804,834,835],{"class":806,"line":807},[804,836,837],{},"public static int square(int number)\n",[804,839,841],{"class":806,"line":840},2,[804,842,843],{},"{\n",[804,845,847],{"class":806,"line":846},3,[804,848,849],{},"    int result = number * number;\n",[804,851,853],{"class":806,"line":852},4,[804,854,855],{},"    return result;\n",[804,857,859],{"class":806,"line":858},5,[804,860,861],{},"}\n",[773,863,864,867,868,870],{},[777,865,866],{},"return"," sends the value back to whoever called the method, and ends the method immediately — nothing after ",[777,869,866],{}," runs.",[795,872,874],{"className":797,"code":873,"language":799,"meta":800,"style":800},"int y = square(5);        \u002F\u002F stored in a variable\nSystem.out.println(square(4)); \u002F\u002F used directly in an expression\n",[777,875,876,881],{"__ignoreMap":800},[804,877,878],{"class":806,"line":807},[804,879,880],{},"int y = square(5);        \u002F\u002F stored in a variable\n",[804,882,883],{"class":806,"line":840},[804,884,885],{},"System.out.println(square(4)); \u002F\u002F used directly in an expression\n",[768,887,889],{"id":888},"common-errors","Common Errors",[891,892,893,897,908],"ul",{},[894,895,896],"li",{},"Forgetting to do something with a non-void method's return value — it has to be stored or used, not just called and ignored.",[894,898,899,900,903,904,907],{},"A type mismatch between what a method returns and what you try to store it in (assigning a ",[777,901,902],{},"double"," return into an ",[777,905,906],{},"int"," variable won't compile).",[894,909,910],{},"Wrong argument count, order, or type at the call site.",[795,912,914],{"className":797,"code":913,"language":799,"meta":800,"style":800},"int total = calculateChecksum(data); \u002F\u002F fine — assuming calculateChecksum returns an int\ncalculateChecksum(data);             \u002F\u002F compiles, but the returned value is silently thrown away\n",[777,915,916,921],{"__ignoreMap":800},[804,917,918],{"class":806,"line":807},[804,919,920],{},"int total = calculateChecksum(data); \u002F\u002F fine — assuming calculateChecksum returns an int\n",[804,922,923],{"class":806,"line":840},[804,924,925],{},"calculateChecksum(data);             \u002F\u002F compiles, but the returned value is silently thrown away\n",[768,927,929],{"id":928},"common-pitfalls","Common Pitfalls",[891,931,932,938],{},[894,933,934,937],{},[782,935,936],{},"Calling a non-void method and doing nothing with the result."," It still compiles — Java doesn't force you to use a return value, which makes this an easy mistake to miss.",[894,939,940,943,944,946,947,949],{},[782,941,942],{},"Assigning a return value to the wrong type."," A ",[777,945,902],{},"-returning method's result can't go straight into an ",[777,948,906],{}," variable without an explicit cast (Ch.2.4) — and casting one truncates the decimal, which may not be what you wanted.",[768,951,953],{"id":952},"key-takeaways","Key Takeaways",[891,955,956,961,966,971],{},[894,957,819,958,960],{},[777,959,779],{}," method is a class method, called via the class name (or bare, from inside the same class).",[894,962,819,963,965],{},[777,964,822],{}," method returns nothing; a non-void method computes a value that must be stored or used.",[894,967,968,970],{},[777,969,866],{}," sends a value back to the caller and ends the method immediately.",[894,972,973],{},"A non-void method's return value being ignored is a real, easy-to-miss bug — it still compiles.",[773,975,976,977,980,981,984],{},"Derived from ",[777,978,979],{},"csawesome-2026",": ",[777,982,983],{},"unit-1-using-objects-and-methods\u002F1.10-calling-class-methods.md"," (CSA 1.10)",[986,987,988],"style",{},"html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":800,"searchDepth":840,"depth":840,"links":990},[991,992,993,994,995],{"id":770,"depth":840,"text":771},{"id":815,"depth":840,"text":816},{"id":888,"depth":840,"text":889},{"id":928,"depth":840,"text":929},{"id":952,"depth":840,"text":953},"md",{"outlineRef":998,"status":999},"4.2 — Calling Class Methods (CSA 1.10)","new — authored lesson (fuller depth than the teaser slide)",true,{"title":50,"description":800},"Cnr6AlfLO4RFKqDWBi1PPY0juPb0R84tkAVEnzWP-g8",{"id":1004,"title":479,"body":1005,"description":800,"extension":996,"meta":1431,"navigation":1000,"path":478,"seo":1434,"stem":480,"__hash__":1435},"examples\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods.md",{"type":761,"value":1006,"toc":1421},[1007,1010,1014,1023,1027,1050,1054,1059,1082,1086,1154,1173,1177,1180,1208,1227,1231,1334,1337,1345,1355,1359,1368,1375,1379,1419],[764,1008,479],{"id":1009},"calling-class-methods-worked-example",[768,1011,1013],{"id":1012},"problem","Problem",[773,1015,1016,1017,1019,1020,1022],{},"Write a ",[777,1018,822],{}," class method that prints a formatted header for a subsystem, and a non-void class method that converts a number of full wheel rotations into encoder ticks (2048 ticks per rotation). Call both from ",[777,1021,792],{},", then see what happens when the non-void method's return value is ignored.",[768,1024,1026],{"id":1025},"step-1-plan-it-first","Step 1: Plan It First",[1028,1029,1030,1035,1038,1044,1047],"ol",{},[894,1031,1016,1032,1034],{},[777,1033,822],{}," method that prints a header — it has an effect (printing), nothing to return.",[894,1036,1037],{},"Write a non-void method that computes ticks from rotations and returns that value.",[894,1039,1040,1041,1043],{},"Call the ",[777,1042,822],{}," method for its effect.",[894,1045,1046],{},"Call the non-void method and actually use what it returns.",[894,1048,1049],{},"Call the non-void method again, but throw the result away, and see that Java lets this compile anyway.",[768,1051,1053],{"id":1052},"step-2-write-the-void-method","Step 2: Write the Void Method",[773,1055,819,1056,1058],{},[777,1057,822],{}," method doesn't return anything — you call it purely for its effect:",[795,1060,1062],{"className":797,"code":1061,"language":799,"meta":800,"style":800},"public static void printSubsystemHeader(String subsystemName)\n{\n    System.out.println(\"=== \" + subsystemName + \" ===\");\n}\n",[777,1063,1064,1069,1073,1078],{"__ignoreMap":800},[804,1065,1066],{"class":806,"line":807},[804,1067,1068],{},"public static void printSubsystemHeader(String subsystemName)\n",[804,1070,1071],{"class":806,"line":840},[804,1072,843],{},[804,1074,1075],{"class":806,"line":846},[804,1076,1077],{},"    System.out.println(\"=== \" + subsystemName + \" ===\");\n",[804,1079,1080],{"class":806,"line":852},[804,1081,861],{},[768,1083,1085],{"id":1084},"step-3-call-it","Step 3: Call It",[795,1087,1089],{"className":797,"code":1088,"language":799,"meta":800,"style":800},"public class DrivetrainSetup\n{\n    public static void main(String[] args)\n    {\n        printSubsystemHeader(\"Drivetrain\");\n    }\n\n    public static void printSubsystemHeader(String subsystemName)\n    {\n        System.out.println(\"=== \" + subsystemName + \" ===\");\n    }\n}\n",[777,1090,1091,1096,1100,1105,1110,1115,1121,1127,1133,1138,1144,1149],{"__ignoreMap":800},[804,1092,1093],{"class":806,"line":807},[804,1094,1095],{},"public class DrivetrainSetup\n",[804,1097,1098],{"class":806,"line":840},[804,1099,843],{},[804,1101,1102],{"class":806,"line":846},[804,1103,1104],{},"    public static void main(String[] args)\n",[804,1106,1107],{"class":806,"line":852},[804,1108,1109],{},"    {\n",[804,1111,1112],{"class":806,"line":858},[804,1113,1114],{},"        printSubsystemHeader(\"Drivetrain\");\n",[804,1116,1118],{"class":806,"line":1117},6,[804,1119,1120],{},"    }\n",[804,1122,1124],{"class":806,"line":1123},7,[804,1125,1126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1000},"\n",[804,1128,1130],{"class":806,"line":1129},8,[804,1131,1132],{},"    public static void printSubsystemHeader(String subsystemName)\n",[804,1134,1136],{"class":806,"line":1135},9,[804,1137,1109],{},[804,1139,1141],{"class":806,"line":1140},10,[804,1142,1143],{},"        System.out.println(\"=== \" + subsystemName + \" ===\");\n",[804,1145,1147],{"class":806,"line":1146},11,[804,1148,1120],{},[804,1150,1152],{"class":806,"line":1151},12,[804,1153,861],{},[773,1155,1156,1159,1160,1162,1163,1165,1166,1169,1170,1172],{},[777,1157,1158],{},"printSubsystemHeader"," is a ",[782,1161,784],{}," (also called a ",[782,1164,788],{},") — it belongs to the ",[777,1167,1168],{},"DrivetrainSetup"," class itself, not to any object. Because ",[777,1171,792],{}," is defined in the same class, it's called bare, with no class name in front.",[768,1174,1176],{"id":1175},"step-4-write-the-non-void-method","Step 4: Write the Non-Void Method",[773,1178,1179],{},"A non-void method computes and returns a value, which the caller must actually use:",[795,1181,1183],{"className":797,"code":1182,"language":799,"meta":800,"style":800},"public static int rotationsToTicks(double rotations)\n{\n    int ticks = (int)(rotations * 2048);\n    return ticks;\n}\n",[777,1184,1185,1190,1194,1199,1204],{"__ignoreMap":800},[804,1186,1187],{"class":806,"line":807},[804,1188,1189],{},"public static int rotationsToTicks(double rotations)\n",[804,1191,1192],{"class":806,"line":840},[804,1193,843],{},[804,1195,1196],{"class":806,"line":846},[804,1197,1198],{},"    int ticks = (int)(rotations * 2048);\n",[804,1200,1201],{"class":806,"line":852},[804,1202,1203],{},"    return ticks;\n",[804,1205,1206],{"class":806,"line":858},[804,1207,861],{},[773,1209,1210,1213,1214,1159,1217,1219,1220,1223,1224,1226],{},[777,1211,1212],{},"2048"," is the encoder's ticks-per-rotation count. ",[777,1215,1216],{},"rotations * 2048",[777,1218,902],{},", so the ",[777,1221,1222],{},"(int)"," cast (Ch.2.4) truncates it down to a whole number of ticks before ",[777,1225,866],{}," sends it back to whoever called the method — and ends the method immediately.",[768,1228,1230],{"id":1229},"step-5-call-it-and-use-the-result","Step 5: Call It and Use the Result",[795,1232,1234],{"className":797,"code":1233,"language":799,"meta":800,"style":800},"public class DrivetrainSetup\n{\n    public static void main(String[] args)\n    {\n        printSubsystemHeader(\"Drivetrain\");\n\n        int ticks = rotationsToTicks(3.0);\n        System.out.println(\"3.0 rotations = \" + ticks + \" ticks\");\n    }\n\n    public static void printSubsystemHeader(String subsystemName)\n    {\n        System.out.println(\"=== \" + subsystemName + \" ===\");\n    }\n\n    public static int rotationsToTicks(double rotations)\n    {\n        int ticks = (int)(rotations * 2048);\n        return ticks;\n    }\n}\n",[777,1235,1236,1240,1244,1248,1252,1256,1260,1265,1270,1274,1278,1282,1286,1291,1296,1301,1307,1312,1318,1324,1329],{"__ignoreMap":800},[804,1237,1238],{"class":806,"line":807},[804,1239,1095],{},[804,1241,1242],{"class":806,"line":840},[804,1243,843],{},[804,1245,1246],{"class":806,"line":846},[804,1247,1104],{},[804,1249,1250],{"class":806,"line":852},[804,1251,1109],{},[804,1253,1254],{"class":806,"line":858},[804,1255,1114],{},[804,1257,1258],{"class":806,"line":1117},[804,1259,1126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1000},[804,1261,1262],{"class":806,"line":1123},[804,1263,1264],{},"        int ticks = rotationsToTicks(3.0);\n",[804,1266,1267],{"class":806,"line":1129},[804,1268,1269],{},"        System.out.println(\"3.0 rotations = \" + ticks + \" ticks\");\n",[804,1271,1272],{"class":806,"line":1135},[804,1273,1120],{},[804,1275,1276],{"class":806,"line":1140},[804,1277,1126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1000},[804,1279,1280],{"class":806,"line":1146},[804,1281,1132],{},[804,1283,1284],{"class":806,"line":1151},[804,1285,1109],{},[804,1287,1289],{"class":806,"line":1288},13,[804,1290,1143],{},[804,1292,1294],{"class":806,"line":1293},14,[804,1295,1120],{},[804,1297,1299],{"class":806,"line":1298},15,[804,1300,1126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1000},[804,1302,1304],{"class":806,"line":1303},16,[804,1305,1306],{},"    public static int rotationsToTicks(double rotations)\n",[804,1308,1310],{"class":806,"line":1309},17,[804,1311,1109],{},[804,1313,1315],{"class":806,"line":1314},18,[804,1316,1317],{},"        int ticks = (int)(rotations * 2048);\n",[804,1319,1321],{"class":806,"line":1320},19,[804,1322,1323],{},"        return ticks;\n",[804,1325,1327],{"class":806,"line":1326},20,[804,1328,1120],{},[804,1330,1332],{"class":806,"line":1331},21,[804,1333,861],{},[773,1335,1336],{},"This prints:",[795,1338,1343],{"className":1339,"code":1341,"language":1342},[1340],"language-text","=== Drivetrain ===\n3.0 rotations = 6144 ticks\n","text",[777,1344,1341],{"__ignoreMap":800},[773,1346,1347,1350,1351,1354],{},[777,1348,1349],{},"ticks"," stores the returned value, which is then used in the ",[777,1352,1353],{},"println"," call — exactly what a non-void method's result has to do: get stored or used, not just dropped.",[768,1356,1358],{"id":1357},"step-6-see-what-happens-when-the-return-value-is-ignored","Step 6: See What Happens When the Return Value Is Ignored",[795,1360,1362],{"className":797,"code":1361,"language":799,"meta":800,"style":800},"rotationsToTicks(1.5); \u002F\u002F compiles, but the returned value is silently thrown away\n",[777,1363,1364],{"__ignoreMap":800},[804,1365,1366],{"class":806,"line":807},[804,1367,1361],{},[773,1369,1370,1371,1374],{},"This line calls the method, computes ",[777,1372,1373],{},"3072",", and then discards it — nothing stores it, nothing prints it. Java doesn't force a non-void method's result to be used, which is exactly why forgetting to do something with it is such an easy mistake to miss; the compiler won't flag it.",[768,1376,1378],{"id":1377},"recap","Recap",[891,1380,1381,1396,1407,1412],{},[894,1382,819,1383,1385,1386,1388,1389,1392,1393,1395],{},[777,1384,779],{}," method is a class method, called via the class name (or bare, from inside the same class) — ",[777,1387,1158],{}," and ",[777,1390,1391],{},"rotationsToTicks"," were both called bare from ",[777,1394,792],{},".",[894,1397,819,1398,1400,1401,1403,1404,1406],{},[777,1399,822],{}," method (",[777,1402,1158],{},") returns nothing; a non-void method (",[777,1405,1391],{},") computes a value that must be stored or used.",[894,1408,1409,1411],{},[777,1410,866],{}," sends a value back to the caller and ends the method immediately — nothing after it runs.",[894,1413,1414,1415,1418],{},"Calling ",[777,1416,1417],{},"rotationsToTicks(1.5);"," alone compiled fine even though its result went unused — a non-void method's return value being ignored is a real, easy-to-miss bug.",[986,1420,988],{},{"title":800,"searchDepth":840,"depth":840,"links":1422},[1423,1424,1425,1426,1427,1428,1429,1430],{"id":1012,"depth":840,"text":1013},{"id":1025,"depth":840,"text":1026},{"id":1052,"depth":840,"text":1053},{"id":1084,"depth":840,"text":1085},{"id":1175,"depth":840,"text":1176},{"id":1229,"depth":840,"text":1230},{"id":1357,"depth":840,"text":1358},{"id":1377,"depth":840,"text":1378},{"outlineRef":998,"pairsWith":1432,"status":1433},"[`lessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods.md`](..\u002F..\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods.md)","new — authored worked example (fully solved, walked step by step — not a problem to attempt)",{"title":479,"description":800},"Kp0HV4H7OVenyZ9BKwX5ySfgTNdmIWccBy0FIIt-x6c",{"id":1437,"title":640,"body":1438,"description":800,"extension":996,"meta":1805,"navigation":1000,"path":639,"seo":1807,"stem":641,"__hash__":1808},"exercises\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods.md",{"type":761,"value":1439,"toc":1801},[1440,1443,1447,1452,1475,1484,1487,1492,1528,1534,1552,1580,1584,1590,1593,1664,1669,1726,1799],[764,1441,640],{"id":1442},"calling-class-methods-exercises",[768,1444,1446],{"id":1445},"multiple-choice","Multiple Choice",[773,1448,1449],{},[782,1450,1451],{},"Question:",[795,1453,1455],{"className":797,"code":1454,"language":799,"meta":800,"style":800},"public static double computeAverage(int a, int b)\n{\n    return (a + b) \u002F 2.0;\n}\n",[777,1456,1457,1462,1466,1471],{"__ignoreMap":800},[804,1458,1459],{"class":806,"line":807},[804,1460,1461],{},"public static double computeAverage(int a, int b)\n",[804,1463,1464],{"class":806,"line":840},[804,1465,843],{},[804,1467,1468],{"class":806,"line":846},[804,1469,1470],{},"    return (a + b) \u002F 2.0;\n",[804,1472,1473],{"class":806,"line":852},[804,1474,861],{},[795,1476,1478],{"className":797,"code":1477,"language":799,"meta":800,"style":800},"int result = computeAverage(4, 6);\n",[777,1479,1480],{"__ignoreMap":800},[804,1481,1482],{"class":806,"line":807},[804,1483,1477],{},[773,1485,1486],{},"What happens when this code is compiled?",[773,1488,1489],{},[782,1490,1491],{},"Options:",[891,1493,1494,1503,1513,1521],{},[894,1495,1496,1497,1499,1500,1502],{},"A. Compile error — a ",[777,1498,902],{}," return value can't be assigned directly to an ",[777,1501,906],{}," variable",[894,1504,1505,1506,1509,1510],{},"B. Compiles and runs fine — ",[777,1507,1508],{},"result"," becomes ",[777,1511,1512],{},"5",[894,1514,1515,1516,1509,1518],{},"C. Compiles and runs fine — ",[777,1517,1508],{},[777,1519,1520],{},"5.0",[894,1522,1523,1524,1527],{},"D. Compile error — ",[777,1525,1526],{},"computeAverage"," must be called without storing its result",[773,1529,1530,1533],{},[782,1531,1532],{},"Answer:"," A",[773,1535,1536,1539,1540,1542,1543,1545,1546,1548,1549,1551],{},[782,1537,1538],{},"Why:"," ",[777,1541,1526],{}," returns a ",[777,1544,902],{},". Assigning a ",[777,1547,902],{}," into an ",[777,1550,906],{}," variable without an explicit cast is a type mismatch, and the compiler rejects it before the program ever runs.",[891,1553,1554,1560,1572],{},[894,1555,1556,1557,1559],{},"B is wrong — the code never runs at all; it fails to compile, so there's no ",[777,1558,1512],{}," (or anything else) to observe.",[894,1561,1562,1563,1565,1566,1568,1569,1571],{},"C is wrong for the same reason — ",[777,1564,1508],{}," is declared as ",[777,1567,906],{},", so it couldn't hold ",[777,1570,1520],{}," even if the assignment were allowed.",[894,1573,1574,1575,1579],{},"D is wrong — storing a method's return value in a variable is exactly what non-void methods are for; the problem here is the ",[1576,1577,1578],"em",{},"type"," of the variable, not the act of storing at all.",[768,1581,1583],{"id":1582},"micro-parsons","Micro-Parsons",[773,1585,1586,1589],{},[782,1587,1588],{},"Problem:"," These lines, once correctly ordered, form a complete program that calls a non-void method and prints its returned value directly, without storing it in a variable first.",[773,1591,1592],{},"Reorder the fragments below into a working program:",[891,1594,1595,1601,1607,1613,1619,1625,1631,1637,1643,1648],{},[894,1596,1597,1598],{},"a. ",[777,1599,1600],{},"    public static int toPercent(double raw)",[894,1602,1603,1604],{},"b. ",[777,1605,1606],{},"        return (int)(raw * 100);",[894,1608,1609,1610],{},"c. ",[777,1611,1612],{},"{",[894,1614,1615,1616],{},"d. ",[777,1617,1618],{},"    }",[894,1620,1621,1622],{},"e. ",[777,1623,1624],{},"public class JoystickCheck",[894,1626,1627,1628],{},"f. ",[777,1629,1630],{},"    public static void main(String[] args)",[894,1632,1633,1634],{},"g. ",[777,1635,1636],{},"        System.out.println(\"Joystick at \" + toPercent(0.42) + \"%\");",[894,1638,1639,1640],{},"h. ",[777,1641,1642],{},"    {",[894,1644,1645,1646],{},"i. ",[777,1647,1642],{},[894,1649,1650,1651],{},"j.\n",[795,1652,1654],{"className":797,"code":1653,"language":799,"meta":800,"style":800},"    }\n}\n",[777,1655,1656,1660],{"__ignoreMap":800},[804,1657,1658],{"class":806,"line":807},[804,1659,1120],{},[804,1661,1662],{"class":806,"line":840},[804,1663,861],{},[773,1665,1666,1668],{},[782,1667,1532],{}," e, c, f, h, g, d, a, i, b, j",[795,1670,1672],{"className":797,"code":1671,"language":799,"meta":800,"style":800},"public class JoystickCheck\n{\n    public static void main(String[] args)\n    {\n        System.out.println(\"Joystick at \" + toPercent(0.42) + \"%\");\n    }\n\n    public static int toPercent(double raw)\n    {\n        return (int)(raw * 100);\n    }\n}\n",[777,1673,1674,1679,1683,1687,1691,1696,1700,1704,1709,1713,1718,1722],{"__ignoreMap":800},[804,1675,1676],{"class":806,"line":807},[804,1677,1678],{},"public class JoystickCheck\n",[804,1680,1681],{"class":806,"line":840},[804,1682,843],{},[804,1684,1685],{"class":806,"line":846},[804,1686,1104],{},[804,1688,1689],{"class":806,"line":852},[804,1690,1109],{},[804,1692,1693],{"class":806,"line":858},[804,1694,1695],{},"        System.out.println(\"Joystick at \" + toPercent(0.42) + \"%\");\n",[804,1697,1698],{"class":806,"line":1117},[804,1699,1120],{},[804,1701,1702],{"class":806,"line":1123},[804,1703,1126],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1000},[804,1705,1706],{"class":806,"line":1129},[804,1707,1708],{},"    public static int toPercent(double raw)\n",[804,1710,1711],{"class":806,"line":1135},[804,1712,1109],{},[804,1714,1715],{"class":806,"line":1140},[804,1716,1717],{},"        return (int)(raw * 100);\n",[804,1719,1720],{"class":806,"line":1146},[804,1721,1120],{},[804,1723,1724],{"class":806,"line":1151},[804,1725,861],{},[773,1727,1728,1731,1732,1735,1736,1739,1740,1742,1743,1746,1747,1750,1751,1754,1755,1757,1758,1761,1762,1765,1766,1768,1769,1772,1773,1776,1777,1780,1781,1784,1785,1787,1788,1791,1792,1794,1795,1798],{},[782,1729,1730],{},"Why this order:"," As before, the class line (",[777,1733,1734],{},"e",") and its opening brace (",[777,1737,1738],{},"c",") open the program, followed by ",[777,1741,792],{}," (",[777,1744,1745],{},"f",") and its own opening brace (",[777,1748,1749],{},"h","). Rather than storing ",[777,1752,1753],{},"toPercent(0.42)"," in a variable first, the ",[777,1756,1353],{}," call (",[777,1759,1760],{},"g",") uses the method's return value directly inside the expression — same rule as ",[777,1763,1764],{},"System.out.println(square(4))"," from the lesson. ",[777,1767,792],{},"'s body then closes (",[777,1770,1771],{},"d","). ",[777,1774,1775],{},"toPercent","'s signature (",[777,1778,1779],{},"a",") and opening brace (",[777,1782,1783],{},"i",") come next, and its ",[777,1786,866],{}," statement (",[777,1789,1790],{},"b",") is the only line in its body — ",[777,1793,866],{}," both produces the value and ends the method immediately, so nothing else needs to go inside those braces. Finally, ",[777,1796,1797],{},"j"," — the method's closing brace immediately followed by the class's closing brace, merged into a single fragment since nothing could ever validly go between them — finishes the program.",[986,1800,988],{},{"title":800,"searchDepth":840,"depth":840,"links":1802},[1803,1804],{"id":1445,"depth":840,"text":1446},{"id":1582,"depth":840,"text":1583},{"outlineRef":998,"pairsWith":1432,"status":1806},"new — authored exercises (Multiple Choice + Micro-Parsons)",{"title":640,"description":800},"G00ZW624pWiuGQ_xTHXL7RW0s4YwJDspevtOxLvvqIk",1790274943991]