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FRC?","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.1-why-java-for-frc",{"path":9,"title":10,"stem":11},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers","Intro to Algorithms, Programming & Compilers","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers",{"path":13,"title":14,"stem":15},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F1-variables-and-data-types","Variables & Data Types","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.1-variables-and-data-types",{"path":17,"title":18,"stem":19},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2-expressions-and-output","Expressions & Output","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.2-expressions-and-output",{"path":21,"title":22,"stem":23},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F3-assignment-and-input","Assignment & Input","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.3-assignment-and-input",{"path":25,"title":26,"stem":27},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F4-casting-and-ranges-of-values","Casting & Ranges of Values","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.4-casting-and-ranges-of-values",{"path":29,"title":30,"stem":31},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F5-compound-assignment-operators","Compound Assignment Operators","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.5-compound-assignment-operators",{"path":33,"title":34,"stem":35},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F1-apis-and-libraries","APIs and Libraries","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.1-apis-and-libraries",{"path":37,"title":38,"stem":39},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions","Documentation with Comments and Preconditions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions",{"path":41,"title":42,"stem":43},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3-packages-and-imports","Packages & Imports","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.3-packages-and-imports",{"path":45,"title":46,"stem":47},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F1-methods-signatures-and-parameters","Methods, Signatures & Parameters","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.1-methods-signatures-and-parameters",{"path":49,"title":50,"stem":51},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F2-calling-class-methods","Calling Class Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods",{"path":53,"title":54,"stem":55},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F3-using-the-math-class","Using the Math Class","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.3-using-the-math-class",{"path":57,"title":58,"stem":59},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4-objects-instances-of-classes","Objects — Instances of Classes","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.4-objects-instances-of-classes",{"path":61,"title":62,"stem":63},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors","Creating & Initializing Objects: Constructors","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors",{"path":65,"title":66,"stem":67},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F6-calling-instance-methods","Calling Instance Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.6-calling-instance-methods",{"path":69,"title":70,"stem":71},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops","Control Structures: if Statements & For Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops",{"path":73,"title":74,"stem":75},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F10-nested-iteration","Nested Iteration","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.10-nested-iteration",{"path":77,"title":78,"stem":79},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops","Informal Runtime Analysis of Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops",{"path":81,"title":82,"stem":83},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition","Algorithms with Selection and Repetition","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition",{"path":85,"title":86,"stem":87},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F4-boolean-expressions","Boolean Expressions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.4-boolean-expressions",{"path":89,"title":90,"stem":91},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5-nested-if-statements","Nested if Statements","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.5-nested-if-statements",{"path":93,"title":94,"stem":95},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F6-compound-boolean-expressions","Compound Boolean Expressions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.6-compound-boolean-expressions",{"path":97,"title":98,"stem":99},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws","Comparing Boolean Expressions (De Morgan's Laws)","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws",{"path":101,"title":102,"stem":103},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F8-while-loops","While Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.8-while-loops",{"path":105,"title":106,"stem":107},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms","Implementing Selection and Iteration Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms",{"path":109,"title":110,"stem":111},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F1-strings","Strings","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings",{"path":113,"title":114,"stem":115},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F2-string-algorithms","String Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.2-string-algorithms",{"path":117,"title":118,"stem":119},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F1-anatomy-of-a-java-class","The Class Blueprint","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.1-anatomy-of-a-java-class",{"path":121,"title":122,"stem":123},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F2-methods-how-to-write-them","Methods: How to Write Them","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.2-methods-how-to-write-them",{"path":125,"title":126,"stem":127},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object","Methods: Passing & Returning References of an Object","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object",{"path":129,"title":130,"stem":131},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F4-class-static-variables-and-methods","Class (static) Variables & Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods",{"path":133,"title":134,"stem":135},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F1-8.2-constructors-and-this","Constructors & \"this\"","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F8.1-8.2-constructors-and-this",{"path":137,"title":138,"stem":139},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F1-array-creation-and-access","Array Creation and Access","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.1-array-creation-and-access",{"path":141,"title":142,"stem":143},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F2-arraylist-and-its-methods","ArrayList and its Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.2-arraylist-and-its-methods",{"path":145,"title":146,"stem":147},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure","Optional: HashMap (Dictionary) Data Structure","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure",{"path":149,"title":150,"stem":151},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F4-array-traversals","Array Traversals","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.4-array-traversals",{"path":153,"title":154,"stem":155},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F5-implementing-array-algorithms","Implementing Array Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.5-implementing-array-algorithms",{"path":157,"title":158,"stem":159},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F6-arraylist-traversals","ArrayList Traversals","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.6-arraylist-traversals",{"path":161,"title":162,"stem":163},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms","Implementing ArrayList Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms",{"path":165,"title":166,"stem":167},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F8-using-text-files","Using Text Files","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files",{"path":169,"title":170,"stem":171},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F1-2d-array-creation-and-access","2D Array Creation and Access","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.1-2d-array-creation-and-access",{"path":173,"title":174,"stem":175},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops","2D Array Traversals: Nested Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops",{"path":177,"title":178,"stem":179},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms","Implementing 2D Array Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms",{"path":181,"title":182,"stem":183},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices","Enums: Named Choices","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices",{"path":185,"title":186,"stem":187},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch","Exceptions & try\u002Fcatch","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch",{"path":189,"title":190,"stem":191},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas","Common Gotchas","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas",{"path":193,"title":194,"stem":195},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch14-why-design-patterns\u002F14-why-design-patterns","Why Design Patterns?","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch14-why-design-patterns\u002F14-why-design-patterns",{"path":197,"title":198,"stem":199},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections","Advanced Collections (Set\u002FQueue\u002FMap)","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections",{"path":201,"title":202,"stem":203},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics","Writing Your Own Generics","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics",{"path":205,"title":206,"stem":207},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F1-inheritance-superclass-subclass","Inheritance, Superclass, Subclass","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.1-inheritance-superclass-subclass",{"path":209,"title":210,"stem":211},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F2-inheritance-and-constructors","Inheritance and Constructors","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.2-inheritance-and-constructors",{"path":213,"title":214,"stem":215},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F3-inheritance-hierarchies","Inheritance Hierarchies","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.3-inheritance-hierarchies",{"path":217,"title":218,"stem":219},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F4-object-superclass","Object Superclass","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.4-object-superclass",{"path":221,"title":222,"stem":223},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F1-overriding-methods","Overriding Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.1-overriding-methods",{"path":225,"title":226,"stem":227},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F2-super-keyword","super Keyword","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.2-super-keyword",{"path":229,"title":230,"stem":231},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F3-polymorphism","Polymorphism","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.3-polymorphism",{"path":233,"title":234,"stem":235},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts","Interfaces as Contracts","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts",{"path":237,"title":238,"stem":239},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F1-lambdas-and-method-references","Lambdas & Method References","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19.1-lambdas-and-method-references",{"path":241,"title":242,"stem":243},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern","The IO-Layer Pattern","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern",{"path":245,"title":246,"stem":247},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories","Static Factories","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories",{"path":249,"title":250,"stem":251},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern","The Builder Pattern","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern",{"path":253,"title":254,"stem":255},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F1-scope-and-access","Scope and Access","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F23.1-scope-and-access",{"path":257,"title":258,"stem":259},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions","Optional: Avoiding Null Pointer Exceptions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions",{"path":261,"title":262,"stem":263},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F1-what-is-command-based-programming","What Is Command-Based Programming?","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.1-what-is-command-based-programming",{"path":265,"title":266,"stem":267},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F2-commands-and-command-compositions","Commands & Command Compositions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.2-commands-and-command-compositions",{"path":269,"title":270,"stem":271},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F3-the-command-scheduler","The Command Scheduler","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.3-the-command-scheduler",{"path":273,"title":274,"stem":275},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F4-state-machines-logic","State Machines: Logic","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.4-state-machines-logic",{"path":277,"title":278,"stem":279},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F5-managing-transitions","Managing Transitions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.5-managing-transitions",{"path":281,"title":282,"stem":283},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F6-binding-commands-to-triggers","Binding Commands to Triggers","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.6-binding-commands-to-triggers",{"path":285,"title":286,"stem":287},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project","Structuring a Command-Based Robot Project","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project",{"path":289,"title":290,"stem":291},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways","Architecture Takeaways","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways",{"path":293,"title":294,"stem":295},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F1-abstraction-and-program-design","Abstraction and Program Design","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.1-abstraction-and-program-design",{"path":297,"title":298,"stem":299},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F2-impact-of-program-design","Impact of Program Design","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.2-impact-of-program-design",{"path":301,"title":302,"stem":303},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F1-searching-algorithms","Searching Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.1-searching-algorithms",{"path":305,"title":306,"stem":307},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F2-sorting-algorithms","Sorting Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.2-sorting-algorithms",{"path":309,"title":310,"stem":311},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F3-recursion","Recursion","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.3-recursion",{"path":313,"title":314,"stem":315},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F4-recursive-searching-and-sorting","Recursive Searching and Sorting","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.4-recursive-searching-and-sorting",{"path":317,"title":318,"stem":319},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch29-git-and-github-basics\u002F1-coming-soon","Git & GitHub Basics — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch29-git-and-github-basics\u002F29.1-coming-soon",{"path":321,"title":322,"stem":323},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch30-git-history-and-merging\u002F1-coming-soon","Git — History & Merging — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch30-git-history-and-merging\u002F30.1-coming-soon",{"path":325,"title":326,"stem":327},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch31-dev-environment-and-tooling\u002F1-coming-soon","Dev Environment & Tooling — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch31-dev-environment-and-tooling\u002F31.1-coming-soon",{"path":329,"title":330,"stem":331},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch32-unit-testing\u002F1-coming-soon","Unit Testing — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch32-unit-testing\u002F32.1-coming-soon",{"path":333,"title":334,"stem":335},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch33-advantagekit-autologging\u002F1-coming-soon","AdvantageKit — AutoLogging — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch33-advantagekit-autologging\u002F33.1-coming-soon",{"path":337,"title":338,"stem":339},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch34-log-replay\u002F1-coming-soon","Log Replay — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch34-log-replay\u002F34.1-coming-soon",{"path":341,"title":342,"stem":343},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch35-advantagescope-i-visualization\u002F1-coming-soon","AdvantageScope I: Visualization — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch35-advantagescope-i-visualization\u002F35.1-coming-soon",{"path":345,"title":346,"stem":347},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch36-advantagescope-ii-custom-3d-assets\u002F1-coming-soon","AdvantageScope II: Custom 3D Assets — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch36-advantagescope-ii-custom-3d-assets\u002F36.1-coming-soon",{"path":349,"title":350,"stem":351},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch37-autonomous-i\u002F1-coming-soon","Autonomous I — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch37-autonomous-i\u002F37.1-coming-soon",{"path":353,"title":354,"stem":355},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch38-autonomous-ii-pathplanner-and-trajectories\u002F1-coming-soon","Autonomous II: PathPlanner & Trajectories — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch38-autonomous-ii-pathplanner-and-trajectories\u002F38.1-coming-soon",{"path":357,"title":358,"stem":359},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch39-control-fundamentals\u002F1-coming-soon","Control Fundamentals — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch39-control-fundamentals\u002F39.1-coming-soon",{"path":361,"title":362,"stem":363},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch40-motion-profiles\u002F1-coming-soon","Motion Profiles — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch40-motion-profiles\u002F40.1-coming-soon",{"path":365,"title":366,"stem":367},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch41-hardware-fundamentals\u002F1-coming-soon","Hardware Fundamentals — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch41-hardware-fundamentals\u002F41.1-coming-soon",{"path":369,"title":370,"stem":371},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch42-photonvision\u002F1-coming-soon","PhotonVision — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch42-photonvision\u002F42.1-coming-soon",{"path":373,"title":374,"stem":375},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch43-apriltags-and-pose\u002F1-coming-soon","AprilTags & Pose — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch43-apriltags-and-pose\u002F43.1-coming-soon",{"path":377,"title":378,"stem":379},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch44-subsystems-i\u002F1-coming-soon","Subsystems I — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch44-subsystems-i\u002F44.1-coming-soon",{"path":381,"title":382,"stem":383},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch45-subsystems-ii-advanced\u002F1-coming-soon","Subsystems II — Advanced — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch45-subsystems-ii-advanced\u002F45.1-coming-soon",{"path":385,"title":386,"stem":387},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch46-team-utilities-i\u002F1-coming-soon","Team Utilities I — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch46-team-utilities-i\u002F46.1-coming-soon",{"path":389,"title":390,"stem":391},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch47-field-constants\u002F1-coming-soon","Field Constants — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch47-field-constants\u002F47.1-coming-soon",{"path":393,"title":394,"stem":395},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch48-troubleshooting-i-runtime-debug\u002F1-coming-soon","Troubleshooting I — Runtime Debug — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch48-troubleshooting-i-runtime-debug\u002F48.1-coming-soon",{"path":397,"title":398,"stem":399},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch49-troubleshooting-ii-can-and-sim\u002F1-coming-soon","Troubleshooting II: CAN & Sim — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch49-troubleshooting-ii-can-and-sim\u002F49.1-coming-soon",{"path":401,"title":402,"stem":403},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch50-vendor-libraries-talonfx\u002F1-coming-soon","Vendor Libraries: TalonFX — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch50-vendor-libraries-talonfx\u002F50.1-coming-soon",{"path":405,"title":406,"stem":407},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch51-robot-alerts\u002F1-coming-soon","Robot Alerts — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch51-robot-alerts\u002F51.1-coming-soon",{"path":409,"title":410,"stem":411},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch52-wpilib-commands\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Commands — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch52-wpilib-commands\u002F52.1-coming-soon",{"path":413,"title":414,"stem":415},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch53-wpilib-geometry\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Geometry — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch53-wpilib-geometry\u002F53.1-coming-soon",{"path":417,"title":418,"stem":419},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch54-networktables\u002F1-coming-soon","NetworkTables — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch54-networktables\u002F54.1-coming-soon",{"path":421,"title":422,"stem":423},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch55-command-scheduler\u002F1-coming-soon","Command Scheduler — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch55-command-scheduler\u002F55.1-coming-soon",{"path":425,"title":426,"stem":427},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch56-wpilib-timers\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Timers — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch56-wpilib-timers\u002F56.1-coming-soon",{"path":429,"title":430,"stem":431},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch57-wpilib-triggers\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Triggers — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch57-wpilib-triggers\u002F57.1-coming-soon",{"path":433,"title":434,"stem":435},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch58-vendor-units-and-conversions\u002F1-coming-soon","Vendor Units & Conversions — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch58-vendor-units-and-conversions\u002F58.1-coming-soon",[437,441,445,449,453,457,461,465,469,473,477,481,485,489,493,497,501,505,509,513,517,521,525,529,533,537,541,545,549,553,557,561,565,569,573,577,581,585,589,593],{"path":438,"title":439,"stem":440},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers","Intro to Algorithms, Programming & Compilers — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers",{"path":442,"title":443,"stem":444},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F1-variables-and-data-types","Variables & Data Types — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.1-variables-and-data-types",{"path":446,"title":447,"stem":448},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2-expressions-and-output","Expressions & Output — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.2-expressions-and-output",{"path":450,"title":451,"stem":452},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F3-assignment-and-input","Assignment & Input — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.3-assignment-and-input",{"path":454,"title":455,"stem":456},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F4-casting-and-ranges-of-values","Casting & Ranges of Values — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.4-casting-and-ranges-of-values",{"path":458,"title":459,"stem":460},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F5-compound-assignment-operators","Compound Assignment Operators — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.5-compound-assignment-operators",{"path":462,"title":463,"stem":464},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F1-apis-and-libraries","APIs and Libraries — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.1-apis-and-libraries",{"path":466,"title":467,"stem":468},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions","Documentation with Comments and Preconditions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions",{"path":470,"title":471,"stem":472},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3-packages-and-imports","Packages & Imports — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.3-packages-and-imports",{"path":474,"title":475,"stem":476},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F1-methods-signatures-and-parameters","Methods, Signatures & Parameters — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.1-methods-signatures-and-parameters",{"path":478,"title":479,"stem":480},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F2-calling-class-methods","Calling Class Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods",{"path":482,"title":483,"stem":484},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F3-using-the-math-class","Using the Math Class — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.3-using-the-math-class",{"path":486,"title":487,"stem":488},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4-objects-instances-of-classes","Objects — Instances of Classes — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.4-objects-instances-of-classes",{"path":490,"title":491,"stem":492},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors","Creating & Initializing Objects: Constructors — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors",{"path":494,"title":495,"stem":496},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F6-calling-instance-methods","Calling Instance Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.6-calling-instance-methods",{"path":498,"title":499,"stem":500},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops","if Statements & For Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops",{"path":502,"title":503,"stem":504},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F10-nested-iteration","Nested Iteration — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.10-nested-iteration",{"path":506,"title":507,"stem":508},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops","Informal Runtime Analysis of Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops",{"path":510,"title":511,"stem":512},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition","Algorithms with Selection and Repetition — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition",{"path":514,"title":515,"stem":516},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F4-boolean-expressions","Boolean Expressions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.4-boolean-expressions",{"path":518,"title":519,"stem":520},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5-nested-if-statements","Nested if Statements — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.5-nested-if-statements",{"path":522,"title":523,"stem":524},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F6-compound-boolean-expressions","Compound Boolean Expressions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.6-compound-boolean-expressions",{"path":526,"title":527,"stem":528},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws","Comparing Boolean Expressions (De Morgan's Laws) — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws",{"path":530,"title":531,"stem":532},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F8-while-loops","While Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.8-while-loops",{"path":534,"title":535,"stem":536},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms","Implementing Selection and Iteration Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms",{"path":538,"title":539,"stem":540},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F1-strings","Strings — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings",{"path":542,"title":543,"stem":544},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F2-string-algorithms","String Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.2-string-algorithms",{"path":546,"title":547,"stem":548},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F1-anatomy-of-a-java-class","Anatomy of a Java Class — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.1-anatomy-of-a-java-class",{"path":550,"title":551,"stem":552},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F2-methods-how-to-write-them","Methods: How to Write Them — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.2-methods-how-to-write-them",{"path":554,"title":555,"stem":556},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object","Methods: Passing & Returning References of an Object — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object",{"path":558,"title":559,"stem":560},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F4-class-static-variables-and-methods","Class (static) Variables & Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods",{"path":562,"title":563,"stem":564},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F1-8.2-constructors-and-this","Constructors & \"this\" — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F8.1-8.2-constructors-and-this",{"path":566,"title":567,"stem":568},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F1-array-creation-and-access","Array Creation and Access — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.1-array-creation-and-access",{"path":570,"title":571,"stem":572},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F2-arraylist-and-its-methods","ArrayList and its Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.2-arraylist-and-its-methods",{"path":574,"title":575,"stem":576},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure","Optional: HashMap (Dictionary) Data Structure — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure",{"path":578,"title":579,"stem":580},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F4-array-traversals","Array Traversals — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.4-array-traversals",{"path":582,"title":583,"stem":584},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F5-implementing-array-algorithms","Implementing Array Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.5-implementing-array-algorithms",{"path":586,"title":587,"stem":588},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F6-arraylist-traversals","ArrayList Traversals — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.6-arraylist-traversals",{"path":590,"title":591,"stem":592},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms","Implementing ArrayList Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms",{"path":594,"title":595,"stem":596},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F8-using-text-files","Using Text Files — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files",[598,602,606,610,614,618,622,626,630,634,638,642,646,650,654,658,662,666,670,674,678,682,686,690,694,698,702,706,710,714,718,722,726,730,734,738,742,746,750,754],{"path":599,"title":600,"stem":601},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers","Intro to Algorithms, Programming & Compilers — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers",{"path":603,"title":604,"stem":605},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F1-variables-and-data-types","Variables & Data Types — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.1-variables-and-data-types",{"path":607,"title":608,"stem":609},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2-expressions-and-output","Expressions & Output — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.2-expressions-and-output",{"path":611,"title":612,"stem":613},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F3-assignment-and-input","Assignment & Input — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.3-assignment-and-input",{"path":615,"title":616,"stem":617},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F4-casting-and-ranges-of-values","Casting & Ranges of Values — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.4-casting-and-ranges-of-values",{"path":619,"title":620,"stem":621},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F5-compound-assignment-operators","Compound Assignment Operators — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.5-compound-assignment-operators",{"path":623,"title":624,"stem":625},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F1-apis-and-libraries","APIs and Libraries — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.1-apis-and-libraries",{"path":627,"title":628,"stem":629},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions","Documentation with Comments and Preconditions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions",{"path":631,"title":632,"stem":633},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3-packages-and-imports","Packages & Imports — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.3-packages-and-imports",{"path":635,"title":636,"stem":637},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F1-methods-signatures-and-parameters","Methods, Signatures & Parameters — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.1-methods-signatures-and-parameters",{"path":639,"title":640,"stem":641},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F2-calling-class-methods","Calling Class Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods",{"path":643,"title":644,"stem":645},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F3-using-the-math-class","Using the Math Class — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.3-using-the-math-class",{"path":647,"title":648,"stem":649},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4-objects-instances-of-classes","Objects — Instances of Classes — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.4-objects-instances-of-classes",{"path":651,"title":652,"stem":653},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors","Creating & Initializing Objects: Constructors — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors",{"path":655,"title":656,"stem":657},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F6-calling-instance-methods","Calling Instance Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.6-calling-instance-methods",{"path":659,"title":660,"stem":661},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops","if Statements & For Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops",{"path":663,"title":664,"stem":665},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F10-nested-iteration","Nested Iteration — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.10-nested-iteration",{"path":667,"title":668,"stem":669},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops","Informal Runtime Analysis of Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops",{"path":671,"title":672,"stem":673},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition","Algorithms with Selection and Repetition — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition",{"path":675,"title":676,"stem":677},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F4-boolean-expressions","Boolean Expressions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.4-boolean-expressions",{"path":679,"title":680,"stem":681},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5-nested-if-statements","Nested if Statements — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.5-nested-if-statements",{"path":683,"title":684,"stem":685},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F6-compound-boolean-expressions","Compound Boolean Expressions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.6-compound-boolean-expressions",{"path":687,"title":688,"stem":689},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws","Comparing Boolean Expressions (De Morgan's Laws) — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws",{"path":691,"title":692,"stem":693},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F8-while-loops","While Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.8-while-loops",{"path":695,"title":696,"stem":697},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms","Implementing Selection and Iteration Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms",{"path":699,"title":700,"stem":701},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F1-strings","Strings — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings",{"path":703,"title":704,"stem":705},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F2-string-algorithms","String Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.2-string-algorithms",{"path":707,"title":708,"stem":709},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F1-anatomy-of-a-java-class","Anatomy of a Java Class — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.1-anatomy-of-a-java-class",{"path":711,"title":712,"stem":713},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F2-methods-how-to-write-them","Methods: How to Write Them — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.2-methods-how-to-write-them",{"path":715,"title":716,"stem":717},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object","Methods: Passing & Returning References of an Object — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object",{"path":719,"title":720,"stem":721},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F4-class-static-variables-and-methods","Class (static) Variables & Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods",{"path":723,"title":724,"stem":725},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F1-8.2-constructors-and-this","Constructors & \"this\" — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F8.1-8.2-constructors-and-this",{"path":727,"title":728,"stem":729},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F1-array-creation-and-access","Array Creation and Access — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.1-array-creation-and-access",{"path":731,"title":732,"stem":733},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F2-arraylist-and-its-methods","ArrayList and its Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.2-arraylist-and-its-methods",{"path":735,"title":736,"stem":737},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure","Optional: HashMap (Dictionary) Data Structure — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure",{"path":739,"title":740,"stem":741},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F4-array-traversals","Array Traversals — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.4-array-traversals",{"path":743,"title":744,"stem":745},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F5-implementing-array-algorithms","Implementing Array Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.5-implementing-array-algorithms",{"path":747,"title":748,"stem":749},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F6-arraylist-traversals","ArrayList Traversals — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.6-arraylist-traversals",{"path":751,"title":752,"stem":753},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms","Implementing ArrayList Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms",{"path":755,"title":756,"stem":757},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F8-using-text-files","Using Text Files — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files",{"id":759,"title":130,"body":760,"description":795,"extension":1105,"meta":1106,"navigation":823,"path":129,"seo":1109,"stem":131,"__hash__":1110},"lessons\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods.md",{"type":761,"value":762,"toc":1096},"minimark",[763,767,772,789,855,859,867,911,914,937,941,946,1008,1011,1018,1023,1032,1038,1042,1059,1063,1081,1092],[764,765,130],"h1",{"id":766},"class-static-variables-methods",[768,769,771],"h2",{"id":770},"class-methods-belong-to-the-class-not-an-object","Class Methods Belong to the Class, Not an Object",[773,774,775,776,780,781,784,785,788],"p",{},"A ",[777,778,779],"code",{},"static"," method or variable belongs to the class itself — there's exactly one shared copy, no matter how many objects (or zero objects) exist. ",[777,782,783],{},"Math.random()"," is the example you already know: you never make a ",[777,786,787],{},"new Math()"," first.",[790,791,796],"pre",{"className":792,"code":793,"language":794,"meta":795,"style":795},"language-java shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","public class Subsystem\n{\n    public static int instanceCount = 0; \u002F\u002F one shared copy for ALL Subsystem objects\n\n    public Subsystem()\n    {\n        instanceCount++; \u002F\u002F every constructor call increments the ONE shared counter\n    }\n}\n","java","",[777,797,798,806,812,818,825,831,837,843,849],{"__ignoreMap":795},[799,800,803],"span",{"class":801,"line":802},"line",1,[799,804,805],{},"public class Subsystem\n",[799,807,809],{"class":801,"line":808},2,[799,810,811],{},"{\n",[799,813,815],{"class":801,"line":814},3,[799,816,817],{},"    public static int instanceCount = 0; \u002F\u002F one shared copy for ALL Subsystem objects\n",[799,819,821],{"class":801,"line":820},4,[799,822,824],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":823},true,"\n",[799,826,828],{"class":801,"line":827},5,[799,829,830],{},"    public Subsystem()\n",[799,832,834],{"class":801,"line":833},6,[799,835,836],{},"    {\n",[799,838,840],{"class":801,"line":839},7,[799,841,842],{},"        instanceCount++; \u002F\u002F every constructor call increments the ONE shared counter\n",[799,844,846],{"class":801,"line":845},8,[799,847,848],{},"    }\n",[799,850,852],{"class":801,"line":851},9,[799,853,854],{},"}\n",[768,856,858],{"id":857},"static-code-cant-touch-instance-data-directly","Static Code Can't Touch Instance Data Directly",[773,860,861,862,866],{},"A static method can access other static members freely, but it ",[863,864,865],"em",{},"cannot"," reach an instance variable or call an instance method — because static code runs without any particular object in hand, and instance data only exists per-object.",[790,868,870],{"className":792,"code":869,"language":794,"meta":795,"style":795},"public class Subsystem\n{\n    private double currentSpeed; \u002F\u002F instance variable — belongs to ONE object\n\n    public static void printStatic()\n    {\n        System.out.println(currentSpeed); \u002F\u002F compile error! no object to read this from\n    }\n}\n",[777,871,872,876,880,885,889,894,898,903,907],{"__ignoreMap":795},[799,873,874],{"class":801,"line":802},[799,875,805],{},[799,877,878],{"class":801,"line":808},[799,879,811],{},[799,881,882],{"class":801,"line":814},[799,883,884],{},"    private double currentSpeed; \u002F\u002F instance variable — belongs to ONE object\n",[799,886,887],{"class":801,"line":820},[799,888,824],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":823},[799,890,891],{"class":801,"line":827},[799,892,893],{},"    public static void printStatic()\n",[799,895,896],{"class":801,"line":833},[799,897,836],{},[799,899,900],{"class":801,"line":839},[799,901,902],{},"        System.out.println(currentSpeed); \u002F\u002F compile error! no object to read this from\n",[799,904,905],{"class":801,"line":845},[799,906,848],{},[799,908,909],{"class":801,"line":851},[799,910,854],{},[773,912,913],{},"The fix, if a static method genuinely needs instance data, is to pass in an actual object as a parameter:",[790,915,917],{"className":792,"code":916,"language":794,"meta":795,"style":795},"public static void printSpeed(Subsystem s)\n{\n    System.out.println(s.currentSpeed); \u002F\u002F fine — reading a specific object's data\n}\n",[777,918,919,924,928,933],{"__ignoreMap":795},[799,920,921],{"class":801,"line":802},[799,922,923],{},"public static void printSpeed(Subsystem s)\n",[799,925,926],{"class":801,"line":808},[799,927,811],{},[799,929,930],{"class":801,"line":814},[799,931,932],{},"    System.out.println(s.currentSpeed); \u002F\u002F fine — reading a specific object's data\n",[799,934,935],{"class":801,"line":820},[799,936,854],{},[768,938,940],{"id":939},"class-variables-one-shared-copy","Class Variables: One Shared Copy",[773,942,775,943,945],{},[777,944,779],{}," variable is shared by every object of the class — changing it from one object's constructor or method affects what every other object sees, since there's only ever one copy.",[790,947,949],{"className":792,"code":948,"language":794,"meta":795,"style":795},"public class Subsystem\n{\n    public static double maxObservedCurrent = 0;\n\n    public Subsystem(double current)\n    {\n        if (current > maxObservedCurrent)\n        {\n            maxObservedCurrent = current; \u002F\u002F updates the ONE shared value\n        }\n    }\n}\n",[777,950,951,955,959,964,968,973,977,982,987,992,998,1003],{"__ignoreMap":795},[799,952,953],{"class":801,"line":802},[799,954,805],{},[799,956,957],{"class":801,"line":808},[799,958,811],{},[799,960,961],{"class":801,"line":814},[799,962,963],{},"    public static double maxObservedCurrent = 0;\n",[799,965,966],{"class":801,"line":820},[799,967,824],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":823},[799,969,970],{"class":801,"line":827},[799,971,972],{},"    public Subsystem(double current)\n",[799,974,975],{"class":801,"line":833},[799,976,836],{},[799,978,979],{"class":801,"line":839},[799,980,981],{},"        if (current > maxObservedCurrent)\n",[799,983,984],{"class":801,"line":845},[799,985,986],{},"        {\n",[799,988,989],{"class":801,"line":851},[799,990,991],{},"            maxObservedCurrent = current; \u002F\u002F updates the ONE shared value\n",[799,993,995],{"class":801,"line":994},10,[799,996,997],{},"        }\n",[799,999,1001],{"class":801,"line":1000},11,[799,1002,848],{},[799,1004,1006],{"class":801,"line":1005},12,[799,1007,854],{},[773,1009,1010],{},"This is a genuinely common real use: tracking a running maximum, minimum, or count across every object ever created from a class.",[768,1012,1014,1017],{"id":1013},"final-for-constants",[777,1015,1016],{},"final"," for Constants",[773,1019,1020,1022],{},[777,1021,1016],{}," makes a variable's value unchangeable after it's set — used for true constants, conventionally named in all caps:",[790,1024,1026],{"className":792,"code":1025,"language":794,"meta":795,"style":795},"public static final double MAX_SPEED = 1.0;\n",[777,1027,1028],{"__ignoreMap":795},[799,1029,1030],{"class":801,"line":802},[799,1031,1025],{},[773,1033,1034,1035,1037],{},"Trying to reassign a ",[777,1036,1016],{}," variable later is a compile error.",[768,1039,1041],{"id":1040},"common-pitfalls","Common Pitfalls",[1043,1044,1045,1053],"ul",{},[1046,1047,1048,1052],"li",{},[1049,1050,1051],"strong",{},"Trying to read an instance variable from a static method."," It doesn't compile — static code has no specific object to read from, unless one is explicitly passed in as a parameter.",[1046,1054,1055,1058],{},[1049,1056,1057],{},"Expecting a static variable to have a separate copy per object."," It doesn't — there's exactly one, shared by everything, which is precisely what makes it useful for things like a running count or max.",[768,1060,1062],{"id":1061},"key-takeaways","Key Takeaways",[1043,1064,1065,1070,1073,1076],{},[1046,1066,1067,1069],{},[777,1068,779],{}," members belong to the class itself — one shared copy, independent of how many objects exist.",[1046,1071,1072],{},"Static code cannot access instance variables or instance methods directly — it needs an actual object passed in to do that.",[1046,1074,1075],{},"A static variable's value is shared across every object of the class — useful for running totals, counts, or maximums.",[1046,1077,1078,1080],{},[777,1079,1016],{}," marks a variable as an unchangeable constant, conventionally named in ALL_CAPS.",[773,1082,1083,1084,1087,1088,1091],{},"Derived from ",[777,1085,1086],{},"csawesome-2026",": ",[777,1089,1090],{},"unit-3-class-creation\u002F3.07-class-static-variables-and-methods.md"," (CSA 3.7)",[1093,1094,1095],"style",{},"html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":795,"searchDepth":808,"depth":808,"links":1097},[1098,1099,1100,1101,1103,1104],{"id":770,"depth":808,"text":771},{"id":857,"depth":808,"text":858},{"id":939,"depth":808,"text":940},{"id":1013,"depth":808,"text":1102},"final for Constants",{"id":1040,"depth":808,"text":1041},{"id":1061,"depth":808,"text":1062},"md",{"outlineRef":1107,"status":1108},"7.4 — Class (static) Variables and Methods (CSA 3.7)","new — authored lesson (fuller depth than the teaser slide)",{"title":130,"description":795},"aVnCXw46Sahk-Rsw70A3f4WHiRbxt4ehKo8qufleBnY",{"id":1112,"title":559,"body":1113,"description":795,"extension":1105,"meta":1669,"navigation":823,"path":558,"seo":1672,"stem":560,"__hash__":1673},"examples\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods.md",{"type":761,"value":1114,"toc":1656},[1115,1118,1122,1132,1136,1141,1164,1168,1174,1228,1232,1314,1321,1328,1351,1368,1391,1397,1400,1409,1413,1525,1529,1558,1566,1602,1606,1654],[764,1116,559],{"id":1117},"class-static-variables-methods-worked-example",[768,1119,1121],{"id":1120},"problem","Problem",[773,1123,1124,1125,1128,1129,1131],{},"Write a ",[777,1126,1127],{},"Match"," class that keeps a running count of how many matches have been played across the whole season, and tracks the single highest score seen in any match — both shared across every ",[777,1130,1127],{}," object, not per-object.",[768,1133,1135],{"id":1134},"step-1-a-static-variable-for-the-running-count","Step 1: A Static Variable for the Running Count",[773,1137,1138,1140],{},[777,1139,779],{}," means one shared copy belonging to the class itself, not to any one object:",[790,1142,1144],{"className":792,"code":1143,"language":794,"meta":795,"style":795},"public class Match\n{\n    public static int matchesPlayed = 0; \u002F\u002F one shared copy for ALL Match objects\n}\n",[777,1145,1146,1151,1155,1160],{"__ignoreMap":795},[799,1147,1148],{"class":801,"line":802},[799,1149,1150],{},"public class Match\n",[799,1152,1153],{"class":801,"line":808},[799,1154,811],{},[799,1156,1157],{"class":801,"line":814},[799,1158,1159],{},"    public static int matchesPlayed = 0; \u002F\u002F one shared copy for ALL Match objects\n",[799,1161,1162],{"class":801,"line":820},[799,1163,854],{},[768,1165,1167],{"id":1166},"step-2-increment-it-in-the-constructor","Step 2: Increment It in the Constructor",[773,1169,1170,1171,1173],{},"Every time a ",[777,1172,1127],{}," object is constructed, one more match has been played:",[790,1175,1177],{"className":792,"code":1176,"language":794,"meta":795,"style":795},"public class Match\n{\n    public static int matchesPlayed = 0;\n    private double score;\n\n    public Match(double finalScore)\n    {\n        score = finalScore;\n        matchesPlayed++; \u002F\u002F updates the ONE shared counter\n    }\n}\n",[777,1178,1179,1183,1187,1192,1197,1201,1206,1210,1215,1220,1224],{"__ignoreMap":795},[799,1180,1181],{"class":801,"line":802},[799,1182,1150],{},[799,1184,1185],{"class":801,"line":808},[799,1186,811],{},[799,1188,1189],{"class":801,"line":814},[799,1190,1191],{},"    public static int matchesPlayed = 0;\n",[799,1193,1194],{"class":801,"line":820},[799,1195,1196],{},"    private double score;\n",[799,1198,1199],{"class":801,"line":827},[799,1200,824],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":823},[799,1202,1203],{"class":801,"line":833},[799,1204,1205],{},"    public Match(double finalScore)\n",[799,1207,1208],{"class":801,"line":839},[799,1209,836],{},[799,1211,1212],{"class":801,"line":845},[799,1213,1214],{},"        score = finalScore;\n",[799,1216,1217],{"class":801,"line":851},[799,1218,1219],{},"        matchesPlayed++; \u002F\u002F updates the ONE shared counter\n",[799,1221,1222],{"class":801,"line":994},[799,1223,848],{},[799,1225,1226],{"class":801,"line":1000},[799,1227,854],{},[768,1229,1231],{"id":1230},"step-3-a-static-variable-tracking-the-running-maximum","Step 3: A Static Variable Tracking the Running Maximum",[790,1233,1235],{"className":792,"code":1234,"language":794,"meta":795,"style":795},"public class Match\n{\n    public static int matchesPlayed = 0;\n    public static double highestScore = 0.0;\n    private double score;\n\n    public Match(double finalScore)\n    {\n        score = finalScore;\n        matchesPlayed++;\n\n        if (finalScore > highestScore)\n        {\n            highestScore = finalScore; \u002F\u002F updates the ONE shared value\n        }\n    }\n}\n",[777,1236,1237,1241,1245,1249,1254,1258,1262,1266,1270,1274,1279,1283,1288,1293,1299,1304,1309],{"__ignoreMap":795},[799,1238,1239],{"class":801,"line":802},[799,1240,1150],{},[799,1242,1243],{"class":801,"line":808},[799,1244,811],{},[799,1246,1247],{"class":801,"line":814},[799,1248,1191],{},[799,1250,1251],{"class":801,"line":820},[799,1252,1253],{},"    public static double highestScore = 0.0;\n",[799,1255,1256],{"class":801,"line":827},[799,1257,1196],{},[799,1259,1260],{"class":801,"line":833},[799,1261,824],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":823},[799,1263,1264],{"class":801,"line":839},[799,1265,1205],{},[799,1267,1268],{"class":801,"line":845},[799,1269,836],{},[799,1271,1272],{"class":801,"line":851},[799,1273,1214],{},[799,1275,1276],{"class":801,"line":994},[799,1277,1278],{},"        matchesPlayed++;\n",[799,1280,1281],{"class":801,"line":1000},[799,1282,824],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":823},[799,1284,1285],{"class":801,"line":1005},[799,1286,1287],{},"        if (finalScore > highestScore)\n",[799,1289,1291],{"class":801,"line":1290},13,[799,1292,986],{},[799,1294,1296],{"class":801,"line":1295},14,[799,1297,1298],{},"            highestScore = finalScore; \u002F\u002F updates the ONE shared value\n",[799,1300,1302],{"class":801,"line":1301},15,[799,1303,997],{},[799,1305,1307],{"class":801,"line":1306},16,[799,1308,848],{},[799,1310,1312],{"class":801,"line":1311},17,[799,1313,854],{},[768,1315,1317,1318],{"id":1316},"step-4-why-a-static-method-cant-just-read-score","Step 4: Why a Static Method Can't Just Read ",[777,1319,1320],{},"score",[773,1322,1323,1324,1327],{},"Suppose we want a static method that prints a match's score. This does ",[1049,1325,1326],{},"not"," compile:",[790,1329,1331],{"className":792,"code":1330,"language":794,"meta":795,"style":795},"public static void showScore()\n{\n    System.out.println(score); \u002F\u002F compile error! no object to read this from\n}\n",[777,1332,1333,1338,1342,1347],{"__ignoreMap":795},[799,1334,1335],{"class":801,"line":802},[799,1336,1337],{},"public static void showScore()\n",[799,1339,1340],{"class":801,"line":808},[799,1341,811],{},[799,1343,1344],{"class":801,"line":814},[799,1345,1346],{},"    System.out.println(score); \u002F\u002F compile error! no object to read this from\n",[799,1348,1349],{"class":801,"line":820},[799,1350,854],{},[773,1352,1353,1355,1356,1358,1359,1361,1362,1364,1365,1367],{},[777,1354,1320],{}," is an instance variable — it only exists once a specific ",[777,1357,1127],{}," object exists. A ",[777,1360,779],{}," method runs without any particular object in hand, so it has no ",[777,1363,1320],{}," to read. The fix is to pass an actual ",[777,1366,1127],{}," in as a parameter:",[790,1369,1371],{"className":792,"code":1370,"language":794,"meta":795,"style":795},"public static void printScore(Match m)\n{\n    System.out.println(m.score); \u002F\u002F fine — reading one specific object's data\n}\n",[777,1372,1373,1378,1382,1387],{"__ignoreMap":795},[799,1374,1375],{"class":801,"line":802},[799,1376,1377],{},"public static void printScore(Match m)\n",[799,1379,1380],{"class":801,"line":808},[799,1381,811],{},[799,1383,1384],{"class":801,"line":814},[799,1385,1386],{},"    System.out.println(m.score); \u002F\u002F fine — reading one specific object's data\n",[799,1388,1389],{"class":801,"line":820},[799,1390,854],{},[768,1392,1394,1395],{"id":1393},"step-5-a-constant-with-final","Step 5: A Constant With ",[777,1396,1016],{},[773,1398,1399],{},"The length of a match itself doesn't change match to match, so it's a true constant, not a running value:",[790,1401,1403],{"className":792,"code":1402,"language":794,"meta":795,"style":795},"public static final double MATCH_TIME_SECONDS = 150.0; \u002F\u002F 15s auto + 135s teleop\n",[777,1404,1405],{"__ignoreMap":795},[799,1406,1407],{"class":801,"line":802},[799,1408,1402],{},[768,1410,1412],{"id":1411},"step-6-put-it-together","Step 6: Put It Together",[790,1414,1416],{"className":792,"code":1415,"language":794,"meta":795,"style":795},"public class Match\n{\n    public static int matchesPlayed = 0;\n    public static double highestScore = 0.0;\n    public static final double MATCH_TIME_SECONDS = 150.0;\n\n    private double score;\n\n    public Match(double finalScore)\n    {\n        score = finalScore;\n        matchesPlayed++;\n\n        if (finalScore > highestScore)\n        {\n            highestScore = finalScore;\n        }\n    }\n\n    public static void printScore(Match m)\n    {\n        System.out.println(m.score);\n    }\n}\n",[777,1417,1418,1422,1426,1430,1434,1439,1443,1447,1451,1455,1459,1463,1467,1471,1475,1479,1484,1488,1493,1498,1504,1509,1515,1520],{"__ignoreMap":795},[799,1419,1420],{"class":801,"line":802},[799,1421,1150],{},[799,1423,1424],{"class":801,"line":808},[799,1425,811],{},[799,1427,1428],{"class":801,"line":814},[799,1429,1191],{},[799,1431,1432],{"class":801,"line":820},[799,1433,1253],{},[799,1435,1436],{"class":801,"line":827},[799,1437,1438],{},"    public static final double MATCH_TIME_SECONDS = 150.0;\n",[799,1440,1441],{"class":801,"line":833},[799,1442,824],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":823},[799,1444,1445],{"class":801,"line":839},[799,1446,1196],{},[799,1448,1449],{"class":801,"line":845},[799,1450,824],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":823},[799,1452,1453],{"class":801,"line":851},[799,1454,1205],{},[799,1456,1457],{"class":801,"line":994},[799,1458,836],{},[799,1460,1461],{"class":801,"line":1000},[799,1462,1214],{},[799,1464,1465],{"class":801,"line":1005},[799,1466,1278],{},[799,1468,1469],{"class":801,"line":1290},[799,1470,824],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":823},[799,1472,1473],{"class":801,"line":1295},[799,1474,1287],{},[799,1476,1477],{"class":801,"line":1301},[799,1478,986],{},[799,1480,1481],{"class":801,"line":1306},[799,1482,1483],{},"            highestScore = finalScore;\n",[799,1485,1486],{"class":801,"line":1311},[799,1487,997],{},[799,1489,1491],{"class":801,"line":1490},18,[799,1492,848],{},[799,1494,1496],{"class":801,"line":1495},19,[799,1497,824],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":823},[799,1499,1501],{"class":801,"line":1500},20,[799,1502,1503],{},"    public static void printScore(Match m)\n",[799,1505,1507],{"class":801,"line":1506},21,[799,1508,836],{},[799,1510,1512],{"class":801,"line":1511},22,[799,1513,1514],{},"        System.out.println(m.score);\n",[799,1516,1518],{"class":801,"line":1517},23,[799,1519,848],{},[799,1521,1523],{"class":801,"line":1522},24,[799,1524,854],{},[768,1526,1528],{"id":1527},"step-7-try-it","Step 7: Try It",[790,1530,1532],{"className":792,"code":1531,"language":794,"meta":795,"style":795},"Match first = new Match(45.0);\nMatch second = new Match(78.0);\n\nSystem.out.println(Match.matchesPlayed); \u002F\u002F 2\nSystem.out.println(Match.highestScore);  \u002F\u002F 78.0\n",[777,1533,1534,1539,1544,1548,1553],{"__ignoreMap":795},[799,1535,1536],{"class":801,"line":802},[799,1537,1538],{},"Match first = new Match(45.0);\n",[799,1540,1541],{"class":801,"line":808},[799,1542,1543],{},"Match second = new Match(78.0);\n",[799,1545,1546],{"class":801,"line":814},[799,1547,824],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":823},[799,1549,1550],{"class":801,"line":820},[799,1551,1552],{},"System.out.println(Match.matchesPlayed); \u002F\u002F 2\n",[799,1554,1555],{"class":801,"line":827},[799,1556,1557],{},"System.out.println(Match.highestScore);  \u002F\u002F 78.0\n",[790,1559,1564],{"className":1560,"code":1562,"language":1563},[1561],"language-text","2\n78.0\n","text",[777,1565,1562],{"__ignoreMap":795},[773,1567,1568,1569,1572,1573,1576,1577,1572,1580,1583,1584,1586,1587,1572,1589,1591,1592,1595,1596,1598,1599,1601],{},"Both ",[777,1570,1571],{},"first"," and ",[777,1574,1575],{},"second"," see the same ",[777,1578,1579],{},"matchesPlayed",[777,1581,1582],{},"highestScore"," — there's only ever one copy, shared across every ",[777,1585,1127],{}," ever built. Notice ",[777,1588,1579],{},[777,1590,1582],{}," are read through the class name, ",[777,1593,1594],{},"Match.matchesPlayed",", not through ",[777,1597,1571],{}," or ",[777,1600,1575],{}," — they don't belong to either object.",[768,1603,1605],{"id":1604},"recap","Recap",[1043,1607,1608,1621,1634,1645],{},[1046,1609,1610,1612,1613,1572,1615,1617,1618,1620],{},[777,1611,779],{}," members belong to the class itself — ",[777,1614,1579],{},[777,1616,1582],{}," are one shared copy, no matter how many ",[777,1619,1127],{}," objects exist.",[1046,1622,1623,1624,1627,1628,1630,1631,1633],{},"Static code can't access instance variables or instance methods directly — ",[777,1625,1626],{},"printScore"," needed an actual ",[777,1629,1127],{}," object passed in to reach ",[777,1632,1320],{},".",[1046,1635,1636,1637,1572,1639,1641,1642,1644],{},"A static variable's value is shared across every object — that's what let ",[777,1638,1579],{},[777,1640,1582],{}," track totals across every ",[777,1643,1127],{}," ever constructed.",[1046,1646,1647,1649,1650,1653],{},[777,1648,1016],{}," marks a variable as an unchangeable constant, conventionally named in ALL_CAPS — ",[777,1651,1652],{},"MATCH_TIME_SECONDS"," here.",[1093,1655,1095],{},{"title":795,"searchDepth":808,"depth":808,"links":1657},[1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1664,1666,1667,1668],{"id":1120,"depth":808,"text":1121},{"id":1134,"depth":808,"text":1135},{"id":1166,"depth":808,"text":1167},{"id":1230,"depth":808,"text":1231},{"id":1316,"depth":808,"text":1663},"Step 4: Why a Static Method Can't Just Read score",{"id":1393,"depth":808,"text":1665},"Step 5: A Constant With final",{"id":1411,"depth":808,"text":1412},{"id":1527,"depth":808,"text":1528},{"id":1604,"depth":808,"text":1605},{"outlineRef":1107,"pairsWith":1670,"status":1671},"[`lessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods.md`](..\u002F..\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods.md)","new — authored worked example (fully solved, walked step by step — not a problem to attempt)",{"title":559,"description":795},"FOffLy_YqoDBukAcdLVJC6UkcyH2VNLCOxhf39l31iQ",{"id":1675,"title":720,"body":1676,"description":795,"extension":1105,"meta":2121,"navigation":823,"path":719,"seo":2123,"stem":721,"__hash__":2124},"exercises\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods.md",{"type":761,"value":1677,"toc":2117},[1678,1681,1685,1699,1714,1721,1726,1772,1778,1795,1823,1827,1850,1853,1943,1948,2020,2115],[764,1679,720],{"id":1680},"class-static-variables-methods-exercises",[768,1682,1684],{"id":1683},"multiple-choice","Multiple Choice",[773,1686,1687,1690,1691,1694,1695,1698],{},[1049,1688,1689],{},"Question:"," A ",[777,1692,1693],{},"Robot"," class has ",[777,1696,1697],{},"public static int totalRobots = 0;",", incremented inside its constructor. This code runs:",[790,1700,1702],{"className":792,"code":1701,"language":794,"meta":795,"style":795},"Robot r1 = new Robot();\nRobot r2 = new Robot();\n",[777,1703,1704,1709],{"__ignoreMap":795},[799,1705,1706],{"class":801,"line":802},[799,1707,1708],{},"Robot r1 = new Robot();\n",[799,1710,1711],{"class":801,"line":808},[799,1712,1713],{},"Robot r2 = new Robot();\n",[773,1715,1716,1717,1720],{},"What does ",[777,1718,1719],{},"r1.totalRobots"," equal afterward?",[773,1722,1723],{},[1049,1724,1725],{},"Options:",[1043,1727,1728,1739,1753,1763],{},[1046,1729,1730,1731,1734,1735,1738],{},"A. ",[777,1732,1733],{},"2"," — there's only one shared copy of ",[777,1736,1737],{},"totalRobots",", and every constructor call increments that same value, regardless of which object later reads it",[1046,1740,1741,1742,1745,1746,1749,1750,1752],{},"B. ",[777,1743,1744],{},"1"," — ",[777,1747,1748],{},"r1"," only counts the constructor call that built ",[777,1751,1748],{}," itself",[1046,1754,1755,1756,1759,1760,1762],{},"C. ",[777,1757,1758],{},"0"," — a ",[777,1761,779],{}," variable doesn't update until a getter reads it",[1046,1764,1765,1766,1598,1768,1771],{},"D. It depends on which of ",[777,1767,1748],{},[777,1769,1770],{},"r2"," was constructed more recently",[773,1773,1774,1777],{},[1049,1775,1776],{},"Answer:"," A",[773,1779,1780,1783,1784,1786,1787,1789,1790,1792,1793,1633],{},[1049,1781,1782],{},"Why:"," ",[777,1785,779],{}," means one shared copy belongs to the class itself, not a separate copy per object. Both constructor calls incremented that same ",[777,1788,1737],{},", so after both objects exist, any ",[777,1791,1693],{}," — or the class itself — sees ",[777,1794,1733],{},[1043,1796,1797,1809,1815],{},[1046,1798,1799,1800,1802,1803,1805,1806,1808],{},"B is wrong — it treats ",[777,1801,1737],{}," as if each object kept its own separate count, which is exactly what ",[777,1804,779],{}," means it does ",[863,1807,1326],{}," do.",[1046,1810,1811,1812,1814],{},"C is wrong — a ",[777,1813,779],{}," variable updates the instant it's assigned or incremented, just like any other variable; there's no separate \"activation\" step tied to reading it later.",[1046,1816,1817,1818,1572,1820,1822],{},"D is wrong — since there's only one shared value, the order ",[777,1819,1748],{},[777,1821,1770],{}," were built in makes no difference to what either one reads.",[768,1824,1826],{"id":1825},"micro-parsons","Micro-Parsons",[773,1828,1829,1832,1833,1836,1837,1839,1840,1842,1843,1846,1847,1849],{},[1049,1830,1831],{},"Problem:"," These lines, once correctly ordered, form a complete program whose ",[777,1834,1835],{},"Sensor"," class has a ",[777,1838,779],{}," method that prints one specific sensor's reading, passed in as a parameter — since a ",[777,1841,779],{}," method has no object of its own to read ",[777,1844,1845],{},"reading"," from — then builds one ",[777,1848,1835],{}," and prints its reading.",[773,1851,1852],{},"Reorder the fragments below into a working program:",[1043,1854,1855,1861,1867,1873,1879,1885,1891,1897,1903,1909,1914,1920],{},[1046,1856,1857,1858],{},"a. ",[777,1859,1860],{},"        System.out.println(s.reading);",[1046,1862,1863,1864],{},"b. ",[777,1865,1866],{},"public class Sensor",[1046,1868,1869,1870],{},"c. ",[777,1871,1872],{},"    }",[1046,1874,1875,1876],{},"d. ",[777,1877,1878],{},"    private double reading;",[1046,1880,1881,1882],{},"e. ",[777,1883,1884],{},"    public static void printReading(Sensor s)",[1046,1886,1887,1888],{},"f. ",[777,1889,1890],{},"{",[1046,1892,1893,1894],{},"g. ",[777,1895,1896],{},"    public static int sensorCount = 0;",[1046,1898,1899,1900],{},"h. ",[777,1901,1902],{},"    {",[1046,1904,1905,1906],{},"i. ",[777,1907,1908],{},"    public static void main(String[] args)",[1046,1910,1911,1912],{},"j. ",[777,1913,1902],{},[1046,1915,1916,1917],{},"k. ",[777,1918,1919],{},"        printReading(new Sensor());",[1046,1921,1922,1923,1930],{},"l. ",[863,1924,1925,1926,1929],{},"(two lines, merged into one fragment — nothing valid can ever come between the closing brace of ",[777,1927,1928],{},"main"," and the closing brace of the class)",[790,1931,1933],{"className":792,"code":1932,"language":794,"meta":795,"style":795},"    }\n}\n",[777,1934,1935,1939],{"__ignoreMap":795},[799,1936,1937],{"class":801,"line":802},[799,1938,848],{},[799,1940,1941],{"class":801,"line":808},[799,1942,854],{},[773,1944,1945,1947],{},[1049,1946,1776],{}," b, f, g, d, e, h, a, c, i, j, k, l",[790,1949,1951],{"className":792,"code":1950,"language":794,"meta":795,"style":795},"public class Sensor\n{\n    public static int sensorCount = 0;\n    private double reading;\n\n    public static void printReading(Sensor s)\n    {\n        System.out.println(s.reading);\n    }\n\n    public static void main(String[] args)\n    {\n        printReading(new Sensor());\n    }\n}\n",[777,1952,1953,1958,1962,1967,1972,1976,1981,1985,1990,1994,1998,2003,2007,2012,2016],{"__ignoreMap":795},[799,1954,1955],{"class":801,"line":802},[799,1956,1957],{},"public class Sensor\n",[799,1959,1960],{"class":801,"line":808},[799,1961,811],{},[799,1963,1964],{"class":801,"line":814},[799,1965,1966],{},"    public static int sensorCount = 0;\n",[799,1968,1969],{"class":801,"line":820},[799,1970,1971],{},"    private double reading;\n",[799,1973,1974],{"class":801,"line":827},[799,1975,824],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":823},[799,1977,1978],{"class":801,"line":833},[799,1979,1980],{},"    public static void printReading(Sensor s)\n",[799,1982,1983],{"class":801,"line":839},[799,1984,836],{},[799,1986,1987],{"class":801,"line":845},[799,1988,1989],{},"        System.out.println(s.reading);\n",[799,1991,1992],{"class":801,"line":851},[799,1993,848],{},[799,1995,1996],{"class":801,"line":994},[799,1997,824],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":823},[799,1999,2000],{"class":801,"line":1000},[799,2001,2002],{},"    public static void main(String[] args)\n",[799,2004,2005],{"class":801,"line":1005},[799,2006,836],{},[799,2008,2009],{"class":801,"line":1290},[799,2010,2011],{},"        printReading(new Sensor());\n",[799,2013,2014],{"class":801,"line":1295},[799,2015,848],{},[799,2017,2018],{"class":801,"line":1301},[799,2019,854],{},[773,2021,2022,2025,2026,2029,2030,2033,2034,2037,2038,2041,2042,2045,2046,2049,2050,2053,2054,2057,2058,2060,2061,2063,2064,2067,2068,2070,2071,2074,2075,2078,2079,2082,2083,2085,2086,2089,2090,2093,2094,2097,2098,2100,2101,1572,2103,2105,2106,2108,2109,2111,2112,2114],{},[1049,2023,2024],{},"Why this order:"," The class declaration (",[777,2027,2028],{},"b",") and its opening brace (",[777,2031,2032],{},"f",") come first, followed by the two variable declarations (",[777,2035,2036],{},"g",", ",[777,2039,2040],{},"d","). The static method's signature (",[777,2043,2044],{},"e",") and its own opening brace (",[777,2047,2048],{},"h",") come next. Inside, the print statement (",[777,2051,2052],{},"a",") reads ",[777,2055,2056],{},"s.reading"," — the specific ",[777,2059,1835],{}," object passed in as a parameter — because a ",[777,2062,779],{}," method has no object of its own to read an instance variable from directly. The method's body then closes (",[777,2065,2066],{},"c","), and ",[777,2069,1928],{}," (",[777,2072,2073],{},"i",") is declared next with its own opening brace (",[777,2076,2077],{},"j","); inside it, the single statement (",[777,2080,2081],{},"k",") builds a new ",[777,2084,1835],{}," and passes it straight to ",[777,2087,2088],{},"printReading",", calling the static method the same way any other code would — without ever making a ",[777,2091,2092],{},"new Sensor()"," to hold the method itself. Fragment ",[777,2095,2096],{},"l"," merges the program's last two closing braces into a single piece: ",[777,2099,1928],{},"'s body closes and the class's body closes immediately after, with nothing else that could ever land between two closing braces at the end of a file. Note that ",[777,2102,2048],{},[777,2104,2077],{}," (both a bare four-space ",[777,2107,1890],{},") are textually identical — interchangeable copies at the same nesting depth, one opens ",[777,2110,2088],{}," and one opens ",[777,2113,1928],{},", so it doesn't matter which physical copy lands in which slot.",[1093,2116,1095],{},{"title":795,"searchDepth":808,"depth":808,"links":2118},[2119,2120],{"id":1683,"depth":808,"text":1684},{"id":1825,"depth":808,"text":1826},{"outlineRef":1107,"pairsWith":1670,"status":2122},"new — authored exercises (Multiple Choice + Micro-Parsons)",{"title":720,"description":795},"MhDVMy5rZ3NJKiMF7b6pQY2gzMed2byAPFbd5vpOK_8",1790274944347]