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FRC?","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.1-why-java-for-frc",{"path":9,"title":10,"stem":11},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers","Intro to Algorithms, Programming & Compilers","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers",{"path":13,"title":14,"stem":15},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F1-variables-and-data-types","Variables & Data Types","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.1-variables-and-data-types",{"path":17,"title":18,"stem":19},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2-expressions-and-output","Expressions & Output","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.2-expressions-and-output",{"path":21,"title":22,"stem":23},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F3-assignment-and-input","Assignment & Input","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.3-assignment-and-input",{"path":25,"title":26,"stem":27},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F4-casting-and-ranges-of-values","Casting & Ranges of Values","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.4-casting-and-ranges-of-values",{"path":29,"title":30,"stem":31},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F5-compound-assignment-operators","Compound Assignment Operators","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.5-compound-assignment-operators",{"path":33,"title":34,"stem":35},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F1-apis-and-libraries","APIs and Libraries","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.1-apis-and-libraries",{"path":37,"title":38,"stem":39},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions","Documentation with Comments and Preconditions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions",{"path":41,"title":42,"stem":43},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3-packages-and-imports","Packages & Imports","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.3-packages-and-imports",{"path":45,"title":46,"stem":47},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F1-methods-signatures-and-parameters","Methods, Signatures & Parameters","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.1-methods-signatures-and-parameters",{"path":49,"title":50,"stem":51},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F2-calling-class-methods","Calling Class Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods",{"path":53,"title":54,"stem":55},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F3-using-the-math-class","Using the Math Class","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.3-using-the-math-class",{"path":57,"title":58,"stem":59},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4-objects-instances-of-classes","Objects — Instances of Classes","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.4-objects-instances-of-classes",{"path":61,"title":62,"stem":63},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors","Creating & Initializing Objects: Constructors","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors",{"path":65,"title":66,"stem":67},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F6-calling-instance-methods","Calling Instance Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.6-calling-instance-methods",{"path":69,"title":70,"stem":71},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops","Control Structures: if Statements & For Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops",{"path":73,"title":74,"stem":75},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F10-nested-iteration","Nested Iteration","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.10-nested-iteration",{"path":77,"title":78,"stem":79},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops","Informal Runtime Analysis of Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops",{"path":81,"title":82,"stem":83},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition","Algorithms with Selection and Repetition","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition",{"path":85,"title":86,"stem":87},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F4-boolean-expressions","Boolean Expressions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.4-boolean-expressions",{"path":89,"title":90,"stem":91},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5-nested-if-statements","Nested if Statements","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.5-nested-if-statements",{"path":93,"title":94,"stem":95},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F6-compound-boolean-expressions","Compound Boolean Expressions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.6-compound-boolean-expressions",{"path":97,"title":98,"stem":99},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws","Comparing Boolean Expressions (De Morgan's Laws)","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws",{"path":101,"title":102,"stem":103},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F8-while-loops","While Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.8-while-loops",{"path":105,"title":106,"stem":107},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms","Implementing Selection and Iteration Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms",{"path":109,"title":110,"stem":111},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F1-strings","Strings","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings",{"path":113,"title":114,"stem":115},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F2-string-algorithms","String Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.2-string-algorithms",{"path":117,"title":118,"stem":119},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F1-anatomy-of-a-java-class","The Class Blueprint","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.1-anatomy-of-a-java-class",{"path":121,"title":122,"stem":123},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F2-methods-how-to-write-them","Methods: How to Write Them","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.2-methods-how-to-write-them",{"path":125,"title":126,"stem":127},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object","Methods: Passing & Returning References of an Object","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object",{"path":129,"title":130,"stem":131},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F4-class-static-variables-and-methods","Class (static) Variables & Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods",{"path":133,"title":134,"stem":135},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F1-8.2-constructors-and-this","Constructors & \"this\"","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F8.1-8.2-constructors-and-this",{"path":137,"title":138,"stem":139},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F1-array-creation-and-access","Array Creation and Access","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.1-array-creation-and-access",{"path":141,"title":142,"stem":143},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F2-arraylist-and-its-methods","ArrayList and its Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.2-arraylist-and-its-methods",{"path":145,"title":146,"stem":147},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure","Optional: HashMap (Dictionary) Data Structure","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure",{"path":149,"title":150,"stem":151},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F4-array-traversals","Array Traversals","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.4-array-traversals",{"path":153,"title":154,"stem":155},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F5-implementing-array-algorithms","Implementing Array Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.5-implementing-array-algorithms",{"path":157,"title":158,"stem":159},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F6-arraylist-traversals","ArrayList Traversals","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.6-arraylist-traversals",{"path":161,"title":162,"stem":163},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms","Implementing ArrayList Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms",{"path":165,"title":166,"stem":167},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F8-using-text-files","Using Text Files","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files",{"path":169,"title":170,"stem":171},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F1-2d-array-creation-and-access","2D Array Creation and Access","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.1-2d-array-creation-and-access",{"path":173,"title":174,"stem":175},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops","2D Array Traversals: Nested Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops",{"path":177,"title":178,"stem":179},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms","Implementing 2D Array Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms",{"path":181,"title":182,"stem":183},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices","Enums: Named Choices","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices",{"path":185,"title":186,"stem":187},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch","Exceptions & try\u002Fcatch","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch",{"path":189,"title":190,"stem":191},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas","Common Gotchas","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas",{"path":193,"title":194,"stem":195},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch14-why-design-patterns\u002F14-why-design-patterns","Why Design Patterns?","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch14-why-design-patterns\u002F14-why-design-patterns",{"path":197,"title":198,"stem":199},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections","Advanced Collections (Set\u002FQueue\u002FMap)","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections",{"path":201,"title":202,"stem":203},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics","Writing Your Own Generics","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics",{"path":205,"title":206,"stem":207},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F1-inheritance-superclass-subclass","Inheritance, Superclass, Subclass","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.1-inheritance-superclass-subclass",{"path":209,"title":210,"stem":211},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F2-inheritance-and-constructors","Inheritance and Constructors","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.2-inheritance-and-constructors",{"path":213,"title":214,"stem":215},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F3-inheritance-hierarchies","Inheritance Hierarchies","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.3-inheritance-hierarchies",{"path":217,"title":218,"stem":219},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F4-object-superclass","Object Superclass","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.4-object-superclass",{"path":221,"title":222,"stem":223},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F1-overriding-methods","Overriding Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.1-overriding-methods",{"path":225,"title":226,"stem":227},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F2-super-keyword","super Keyword","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.2-super-keyword",{"path":229,"title":230,"stem":231},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F3-polymorphism","Polymorphism","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.3-polymorphism",{"path":233,"title":234,"stem":235},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts","Interfaces as Contracts","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts",{"path":237,"title":238,"stem":239},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F1-lambdas-and-method-references","Lambdas & Method References","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19.1-lambdas-and-method-references",{"path":241,"title":242,"stem":243},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern","The IO-Layer Pattern","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern",{"path":245,"title":246,"stem":247},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories","Static Factories","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories",{"path":249,"title":250,"stem":251},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern","The Builder Pattern","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern",{"path":253,"title":254,"stem":255},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F1-scope-and-access","Scope and Access","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F23.1-scope-and-access",{"path":257,"title":258,"stem":259},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions","Optional: Avoiding Null Pointer Exceptions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions",{"path":261,"title":262,"stem":263},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F1-what-is-command-based-programming","What Is Command-Based Programming?","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.1-what-is-command-based-programming",{"path":265,"title":266,"stem":267},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F2-commands-and-command-compositions","Commands & Command Compositions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.2-commands-and-command-compositions",{"path":269,"title":270,"stem":271},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F3-the-command-scheduler","The Command Scheduler","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.3-the-command-scheduler",{"path":273,"title":274,"stem":275},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F4-state-machines-logic","State Machines: Logic","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.4-state-machines-logic",{"path":277,"title":278,"stem":279},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F5-managing-transitions","Managing Transitions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.5-managing-transitions",{"path":281,"title":282,"stem":283},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F6-binding-commands-to-triggers","Binding Commands to Triggers","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.6-binding-commands-to-triggers",{"path":285,"title":286,"stem":287},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project","Structuring a Command-Based Robot Project","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project",{"path":289,"title":290,"stem":291},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways","Architecture Takeaways","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways",{"path":293,"title":294,"stem":295},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F1-abstraction-and-program-design","Abstraction and Program Design","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.1-abstraction-and-program-design",{"path":297,"title":298,"stem":299},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F2-impact-of-program-design","Impact of Program Design","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.2-impact-of-program-design",{"path":301,"title":302,"stem":303},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F1-searching-algorithms","Searching Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.1-searching-algorithms",{"path":305,"title":306,"stem":307},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F2-sorting-algorithms","Sorting Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.2-sorting-algorithms",{"path":309,"title":310,"stem":311},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F3-recursion","Recursion","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.3-recursion",{"path":313,"title":314,"stem":315},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F4-recursive-searching-and-sorting","Recursive Searching and Sorting","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.4-recursive-searching-and-sorting",{"path":317,"title":318,"stem":319},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch29-git-and-github-basics\u002F1-coming-soon","Git & GitHub Basics — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch29-git-and-github-basics\u002F29.1-coming-soon",{"path":321,"title":322,"stem":323},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch30-git-history-and-merging\u002F1-coming-soon","Git — History & Merging — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch30-git-history-and-merging\u002F30.1-coming-soon",{"path":325,"title":326,"stem":327},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch31-dev-environment-and-tooling\u002F1-coming-soon","Dev Environment & Tooling — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch31-dev-environment-and-tooling\u002F31.1-coming-soon",{"path":329,"title":330,"stem":331},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch32-unit-testing\u002F1-coming-soon","Unit Testing — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch32-unit-testing\u002F32.1-coming-soon",{"path":333,"title":334,"stem":335},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch33-advantagekit-autologging\u002F1-coming-soon","AdvantageKit — AutoLogging — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch33-advantagekit-autologging\u002F33.1-coming-soon",{"path":337,"title":338,"stem":339},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch34-log-replay\u002F1-coming-soon","Log Replay — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch34-log-replay\u002F34.1-coming-soon",{"path":341,"title":342,"stem":343},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch35-advantagescope-i-visualization\u002F1-coming-soon","AdvantageScope I: Visualization — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch35-advantagescope-i-visualization\u002F35.1-coming-soon",{"path":345,"title":346,"stem":347},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch36-advantagescope-ii-custom-3d-assets\u002F1-coming-soon","AdvantageScope II: Custom 3D Assets — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch36-advantagescope-ii-custom-3d-assets\u002F36.1-coming-soon",{"path":349,"title":350,"stem":351},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch37-autonomous-i\u002F1-coming-soon","Autonomous I — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch37-autonomous-i\u002F37.1-coming-soon",{"path":353,"title":354,"stem":355},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch38-autonomous-ii-pathplanner-and-trajectories\u002F1-coming-soon","Autonomous II: PathPlanner & Trajectories — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch38-autonomous-ii-pathplanner-and-trajectories\u002F38.1-coming-soon",{"path":357,"title":358,"stem":359},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch39-control-fundamentals\u002F1-coming-soon","Control Fundamentals — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch39-control-fundamentals\u002F39.1-coming-soon",{"path":361,"title":362,"stem":363},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch40-motion-profiles\u002F1-coming-soon","Motion Profiles — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch40-motion-profiles\u002F40.1-coming-soon",{"path":365,"title":366,"stem":367},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch41-hardware-fundamentals\u002F1-coming-soon","Hardware Fundamentals — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch41-hardware-fundamentals\u002F41.1-coming-soon",{"path":369,"title":370,"stem":371},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch42-photonvision\u002F1-coming-soon","PhotonVision — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch42-photonvision\u002F42.1-coming-soon",{"path":373,"title":374,"stem":375},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch43-apriltags-and-pose\u002F1-coming-soon","AprilTags & Pose — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch43-apriltags-and-pose\u002F43.1-coming-soon",{"path":377,"title":378,"stem":379},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch44-subsystems-i\u002F1-coming-soon","Subsystems I — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch44-subsystems-i\u002F44.1-coming-soon",{"path":381,"title":382,"stem":383},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch45-subsystems-ii-advanced\u002F1-coming-soon","Subsystems II — Advanced — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch45-subsystems-ii-advanced\u002F45.1-coming-soon",{"path":385,"title":386,"stem":387},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch46-team-utilities-i\u002F1-coming-soon","Team Utilities I — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch46-team-utilities-i\u002F46.1-coming-soon",{"path":389,"title":390,"stem":391},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch47-field-constants\u002F1-coming-soon","Field Constants — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch47-field-constants\u002F47.1-coming-soon",{"path":393,"title":394,"stem":395},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch48-troubleshooting-i-runtime-debug\u002F1-coming-soon","Troubleshooting I — Runtime Debug — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch48-troubleshooting-i-runtime-debug\u002F48.1-coming-soon",{"path":397,"title":398,"stem":399},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch49-troubleshooting-ii-can-and-sim\u002F1-coming-soon","Troubleshooting II: CAN & Sim — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch49-troubleshooting-ii-can-and-sim\u002F49.1-coming-soon",{"path":401,"title":402,"stem":403},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch50-vendor-libraries-talonfx\u002F1-coming-soon","Vendor Libraries: TalonFX — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch50-vendor-libraries-talonfx\u002F50.1-coming-soon",{"path":405,"title":406,"stem":407},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch51-robot-alerts\u002F1-coming-soon","Robot Alerts — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch51-robot-alerts\u002F51.1-coming-soon",{"path":409,"title":410,"stem":411},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch52-wpilib-commands\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Commands — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch52-wpilib-commands\u002F52.1-coming-soon",{"path":413,"title":414,"stem":415},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch53-wpilib-geometry\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Geometry — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch53-wpilib-geometry\u002F53.1-coming-soon",{"path":417,"title":418,"stem":419},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch54-networktables\u002F1-coming-soon","NetworkTables — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch54-networktables\u002F54.1-coming-soon",{"path":421,"title":422,"stem":423},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch55-command-scheduler\u002F1-coming-soon","Command Scheduler — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch55-command-scheduler\u002F55.1-coming-soon",{"path":425,"title":426,"stem":427},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch56-wpilib-timers\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Timers — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch56-wpilib-timers\u002F56.1-coming-soon",{"path":429,"title":430,"stem":431},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch57-wpilib-triggers\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Triggers — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch57-wpilib-triggers\u002F57.1-coming-soon",{"path":433,"title":434,"stem":435},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch58-vendor-units-and-conversions\u002F1-coming-soon","Vendor Units & Conversions — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch58-vendor-units-and-conversions\u002F58.1-coming-soon",[437,441,445,449,453,457,461,465,469,473,477,481,485,489,493,497,501,505,509,513,517,521,525,529,533,537,541,545,549,553,557,561,565,569,573,577,581,585,589,593],{"path":438,"title":439,"stem":440},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers","Intro to Algorithms, Programming & Compilers — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers",{"path":442,"title":443,"stem":444},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F1-variables-and-data-types","Variables & Data Types — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.1-variables-and-data-types",{"path":446,"title":447,"stem":448},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2-expressions-and-output","Expressions & Output — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.2-expressions-and-output",{"path":450,"title":451,"stem":452},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F3-assignment-and-input","Assignment & Input — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.3-assignment-and-input",{"path":454,"title":455,"stem":456},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F4-casting-and-ranges-of-values","Casting & Ranges of Values — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.4-casting-and-ranges-of-values",{"path":458,"title":459,"stem":460},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F5-compound-assignment-operators","Compound Assignment Operators — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.5-compound-assignment-operators",{"path":462,"title":463,"stem":464},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F1-apis-and-libraries","APIs and Libraries — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.1-apis-and-libraries",{"path":466,"title":467,"stem":468},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions","Documentation with Comments and Preconditions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions",{"path":470,"title":471,"stem":472},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3-packages-and-imports","Packages & Imports — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.3-packages-and-imports",{"path":474,"title":475,"stem":476},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F1-methods-signatures-and-parameters","Methods, Signatures & Parameters — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.1-methods-signatures-and-parameters",{"path":478,"title":479,"stem":480},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F2-calling-class-methods","Calling Class Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods",{"path":482,"title":483,"stem":484},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F3-using-the-math-class","Using the Math Class — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.3-using-the-math-class",{"path":486,"title":487,"stem":488},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4-objects-instances-of-classes","Objects — Instances of Classes — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.4-objects-instances-of-classes",{"path":490,"title":491,"stem":492},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors","Creating & Initializing Objects: Constructors — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors",{"path":494,"title":495,"stem":496},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F6-calling-instance-methods","Calling Instance Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.6-calling-instance-methods",{"path":498,"title":499,"stem":500},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops","if Statements & For Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops",{"path":502,"title":503,"stem":504},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F10-nested-iteration","Nested Iteration — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.10-nested-iteration",{"path":506,"title":507,"stem":508},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops","Informal Runtime Analysis of Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops",{"path":510,"title":511,"stem":512},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition","Algorithms with Selection and Repetition — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition",{"path":514,"title":515,"stem":516},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F4-boolean-expressions","Boolean Expressions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.4-boolean-expressions",{"path":518,"title":519,"stem":520},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5-nested-if-statements","Nested if Statements — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.5-nested-if-statements",{"path":522,"title":523,"stem":524},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F6-compound-boolean-expressions","Compound Boolean Expressions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.6-compound-boolean-expressions",{"path":526,"title":527,"stem":528},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws","Comparing Boolean Expressions (De Morgan's Laws) — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws",{"path":530,"title":531,"stem":532},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F8-while-loops","While Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.8-while-loops",{"path":534,"title":535,"stem":536},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms","Implementing Selection and Iteration Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms",{"path":538,"title":539,"stem":540},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F1-strings","Strings — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings",{"path":542,"title":543,"stem":544},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F2-string-algorithms","String Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.2-string-algorithms",{"path":546,"title":547,"stem":548},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F1-anatomy-of-a-java-class","Anatomy of a Java Class — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.1-anatomy-of-a-java-class",{"path":550,"title":551,"stem":552},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F2-methods-how-to-write-them","Methods: How to Write Them — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.2-methods-how-to-write-them",{"path":554,"title":555,"stem":556},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object","Methods: Passing & Returning References of an Object — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object",{"path":558,"title":559,"stem":560},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F4-class-static-variables-and-methods","Class (static) Variables & Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods",{"path":562,"title":563,"stem":564},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F1-8.2-constructors-and-this","Constructors & \"this\" — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F8.1-8.2-constructors-and-this",{"path":566,"title":567,"stem":568},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F1-array-creation-and-access","Array Creation and Access — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.1-array-creation-and-access",{"path":570,"title":571,"stem":572},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F2-arraylist-and-its-methods","ArrayList and its Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.2-arraylist-and-its-methods",{"path":574,"title":575,"stem":576},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure","Optional: HashMap (Dictionary) Data Structure — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure",{"path":578,"title":579,"stem":580},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F4-array-traversals","Array Traversals — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.4-array-traversals",{"path":582,"title":583,"stem":584},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F5-implementing-array-algorithms","Implementing Array Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.5-implementing-array-algorithms",{"path":586,"title":587,"stem":588},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F6-arraylist-traversals","ArrayList Traversals — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.6-arraylist-traversals",{"path":590,"title":591,"stem":592},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms","Implementing ArrayList Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms",{"path":594,"title":595,"stem":596},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F8-using-text-files","Using Text Files — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files",[598,602,606,610,614,618,622,626,630,634,638,642,646,650,654,658,662,666,670,674,678,682,686,690,694,698,702,706,710,714,718,722,726,730,734,738,742,746,750,754],{"path":599,"title":600,"stem":601},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers","Intro to Algorithms, Programming & Compilers — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers",{"path":603,"title":604,"stem":605},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F1-variables-and-data-types","Variables & Data Types — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.1-variables-and-data-types",{"path":607,"title":608,"stem":609},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2-expressions-and-output","Expressions & Output — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.2-expressions-and-output",{"path":611,"title":612,"stem":613},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F3-assignment-and-input","Assignment & Input — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.3-assignment-and-input",{"path":615,"title":616,"stem":617},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F4-casting-and-ranges-of-values","Casting & Ranges of Values — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.4-casting-and-ranges-of-values",{"path":619,"title":620,"stem":621},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F5-compound-assignment-operators","Compound Assignment Operators — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.5-compound-assignment-operators",{"path":623,"title":624,"stem":625},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F1-apis-and-libraries","APIs and Libraries — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.1-apis-and-libraries",{"path":627,"title":628,"stem":629},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions","Documentation with Comments and Preconditions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions",{"path":631,"title":632,"stem":633},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3-packages-and-imports","Packages & Imports — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.3-packages-and-imports",{"path":635,"title":636,"stem":637},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F1-methods-signatures-and-parameters","Methods, Signatures & Parameters — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.1-methods-signatures-and-parameters",{"path":639,"title":640,"stem":641},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F2-calling-class-methods","Calling Class Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods",{"path":643,"title":644,"stem":645},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F3-using-the-math-class","Using the Math Class — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.3-using-the-math-class",{"path":647,"title":648,"stem":649},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4-objects-instances-of-classes","Objects — Instances of Classes — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.4-objects-instances-of-classes",{"path":651,"title":652,"stem":653},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors","Creating & Initializing Objects: Constructors — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors",{"path":655,"title":656,"stem":657},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F6-calling-instance-methods","Calling Instance Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.6-calling-instance-methods",{"path":659,"title":660,"stem":661},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops","if Statements & For Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops",{"path":663,"title":664,"stem":665},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F10-nested-iteration","Nested Iteration — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.10-nested-iteration",{"path":667,"title":668,"stem":669},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops","Informal Runtime Analysis of Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops",{"path":671,"title":672,"stem":673},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition","Algorithms with Selection and Repetition — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition",{"path":675,"title":676,"stem":677},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F4-boolean-expressions","Boolean Expressions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.4-boolean-expressions",{"path":679,"title":680,"stem":681},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5-nested-if-statements","Nested if Statements — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.5-nested-if-statements",{"path":683,"title":684,"stem":685},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F6-compound-boolean-expressions","Compound Boolean Expressions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.6-compound-boolean-expressions",{"path":687,"title":688,"stem":689},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws","Comparing Boolean Expressions (De Morgan's Laws) — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws",{"path":691,"title":692,"stem":693},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F8-while-loops","While Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.8-while-loops",{"path":695,"title":696,"stem":697},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms","Implementing Selection and Iteration Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms",{"path":699,"title":700,"stem":701},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F1-strings","Strings — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings",{"path":703,"title":704,"stem":705},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F2-string-algorithms","String Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.2-string-algorithms",{"path":707,"title":708,"stem":709},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F1-anatomy-of-a-java-class","Anatomy of a Java Class — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.1-anatomy-of-a-java-class",{"path":711,"title":712,"stem":713},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F2-methods-how-to-write-them","Methods: How to Write Them — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.2-methods-how-to-write-them",{"path":715,"title":716,"stem":717},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object","Methods: Passing & Returning References of an Object — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object",{"path":719,"title":720,"stem":721},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F4-class-static-variables-and-methods","Class (static) Variables & Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods",{"path":723,"title":724,"stem":725},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F1-8.2-constructors-and-this","Constructors & \"this\" — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F8.1-8.2-constructors-and-this",{"path":727,"title":728,"stem":729},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F1-array-creation-and-access","Array Creation and Access — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.1-array-creation-and-access",{"path":731,"title":732,"stem":733},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F2-arraylist-and-its-methods","ArrayList and its Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.2-arraylist-and-its-methods",{"path":735,"title":736,"stem":737},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure","Optional: HashMap (Dictionary) Data Structure — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure",{"path":739,"title":740,"stem":741},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F4-array-traversals","Array Traversals — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.4-array-traversals",{"path":743,"title":744,"stem":745},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F5-implementing-array-algorithms","Implementing Array Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.5-implementing-array-algorithms",{"path":747,"title":748,"stem":749},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F6-arraylist-traversals","ArrayList Traversals — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.6-arraylist-traversals",{"path":751,"title":752,"stem":753},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms","Implementing ArrayList Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms",{"path":755,"title":756,"stem":757},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F8-using-text-files","Using Text Files — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files",{"id":759,"title":166,"body":760,"description":804,"extension":1168,"meta":1169,"navigation":826,"path":165,"seo":1172,"stem":167,"__hash__":1173},"lessons\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files.md",{"type":761,"value":762,"toc":1158},"minimark",[763,767,772,776,780,798,840,847,889,893,926,936,940,955,990,994,1001,1028,1032,1038,1070,1074,1108,1112,1143,1154],[764,765,166],"h1",{"id":766},"using-text-files",[768,769,771],"h2",{"id":770},"why-read-from-a-file","Why Read From a File",[773,774,775],"p",{},"A file's data persists even when the program isn't running — useful for loading configuration or data that's too large (or too changeable) to hard-code into your source. A robot might load a table of autonomous starting positions from a file instead of hardcoding them.",[768,777,779],{"id":778},"opening-a-file","Opening a File",[773,781,782,786,787,790,791,786,794,797],{},[783,784,785],"code",{},"File"," (from ",[783,788,789],{},"java.io",") represents the file itself; ",[783,792,793],{},"Scanner",[783,795,796],{},"java.util"," — the same class used for keyboard input) reads from it:",[799,800,805],"pre",{"className":801,"code":802,"language":803,"meta":804,"style":804},"language-java shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","import java.io.*;\nimport java.util.*;\n\nFile configFile = new File(\"auto_config.csv\");\nScanner scan = new Scanner(configFile); \u002F\u002F can throw FileNotFoundException\n","java","",[783,806,807,815,821,828,834],{"__ignoreMap":804},[808,809,812],"span",{"class":810,"line":811},"line",1,[808,813,814],{},"import java.io.*;\n",[808,816,818],{"class":810,"line":817},2,[808,819,820],{},"import java.util.*;\n",[808,822,824],{"class":810,"line":823},3,[808,825,827],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":826},true,"\n",[808,829,831],{"class":810,"line":830},4,[808,832,833],{},"File configFile = new File(\"auto_config.csv\");\n",[808,835,837],{"class":810,"line":836},5,[808,838,839],{},"Scanner scan = new Scanner(configFile); \u002F\u002F can throw FileNotFoundException\n",[773,841,842,843,846],{},"Since opening a file can fail (wrong name, missing file), Java requires you to acknowledge that. The simplest way: add ",[783,844,845],{},"throws IOException"," to the method's header — if the file genuinely can't be found, the program terminates with an error instead of continuing silently:",[799,848,850],{"className":801,"code":849,"language":803,"meta":804,"style":804},"public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException\n{\n    File configFile = new File(\"auto_config.csv\");\n    Scanner scan = new Scanner(configFile);\n    \u002F\u002F ...\n    scan.close();\n}\n",[783,851,852,857,862,867,872,877,883],{"__ignoreMap":804},[808,853,854],{"class":810,"line":811},[808,855,856],{},"public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException\n",[808,858,859],{"class":810,"line":817},[808,860,861],{},"{\n",[808,863,864],{"class":810,"line":823},[808,865,866],{},"    File configFile = new File(\"auto_config.csv\");\n",[808,868,869],{"class":810,"line":830},[808,870,871],{},"    Scanner scan = new Scanner(configFile);\n",[808,873,874],{"class":810,"line":836},[808,875,876],{},"    \u002F\u002F ...\n",[808,878,880],{"class":810,"line":879},6,[808,881,882],{},"    scan.close();\n",[808,884,886],{"class":810,"line":885},7,[808,887,888],{},"}\n",[768,890,892],{"id":891},"reading-line-by-line","Reading Line by Line",[799,894,896],{"className":801,"code":895,"language":803,"meta":804,"style":804},"while (scan.hasNext())\n{\n    String line = scan.nextLine();\n    \u002F\u002F process this line\n}\nscan.close(); \u002F\u002F always close when done\n",[783,897,898,903,907,912,917,921],{"__ignoreMap":804},[808,899,900],{"class":810,"line":811},[808,901,902],{},"while (scan.hasNext())\n",[808,904,905],{"class":810,"line":817},[808,906,861],{},[808,908,909],{"class":810,"line":823},[808,910,911],{},"    String line = scan.nextLine();\n",[808,913,914],{"class":810,"line":830},[808,915,916],{},"    \u002F\u002F process this line\n",[808,918,919],{"class":810,"line":836},[808,920,888],{},[808,922,923],{"class":810,"line":879},[808,924,925],{},"scan.close(); \u002F\u002F always close when done\n",[773,927,928,931,932,935],{},[783,929,930],{},"hasNext()"," is ",[783,933,934],{},"true"," as long as there's more to read — the standard loop condition for \"read until the file ends.\"",[768,937,939],{"id":938},"splitting-a-csv-line","Splitting a CSV Line",[773,941,942,943,946,947,950,951,954],{},"A CSV (comma-separated values) file packs several fields into one line. ",[783,944,945],{},"String","'s ",[783,948,949],{},"split(\",\")"," breaks a line into a ",[783,952,953],{},"String[]"," around the commas:",[799,956,958],{"className":801,"code":957,"language":803,"meta":804,"style":804},"\u002F\u002F One line of auto_config.csv: \"3-Piece-Left,14.2,BlueAlliance\"\nString line = scan.nextLine();\nString[] fields = line.split(\",\");\nString routeName = fields[0];       \u002F\u002F \"3-Piece-Left\"\ndouble routeTime = Double.parseDouble(fields[1]); \u002F\u002F \"14.2\" -> 14.2\nString alliance = fields[2];        \u002F\u002F \"BlueAlliance\"\n",[783,959,960,965,970,975,980,985],{"__ignoreMap":804},[808,961,962],{"class":810,"line":811},[808,963,964],{},"\u002F\u002F One line of auto_config.csv: \"3-Piece-Left,14.2,BlueAlliance\"\n",[808,966,967],{"class":810,"line":817},[808,968,969],{},"String line = scan.nextLine();\n",[808,971,972],{"class":810,"line":823},[808,973,974],{},"String[] fields = line.split(\",\");\n",[808,976,977],{"class":810,"line":830},[808,978,979],{},"String routeName = fields[0];       \u002F\u002F \"3-Piece-Left\"\n",[808,981,982],{"class":810,"line":836},[808,983,984],{},"double routeTime = Double.parseDouble(fields[1]); \u002F\u002F \"14.2\" -> 14.2\n",[808,986,987],{"class":810,"line":879},[808,988,989],{},"String alliance = fields[2];        \u002F\u002F \"BlueAlliance\"\n",[768,991,993],{"id":992},"reading-into-an-array-or-arraylist","Reading Into an Array or ArrayList",[773,995,996,997,1000],{},"If you know the line count in advance, an array works; otherwise, ",[783,998,999],{},"ArrayList"," (Ch.9.2) avoids needing to know the size up front:",[799,1002,1004],{"className":801,"code":1003,"language":803,"meta":804,"style":804},"ArrayList\u003CString> configLines = new ArrayList\u003CString>();\nwhile (scan.hasNext())\n{\n    configLines.add(scan.nextLine());\n}\n",[783,1005,1006,1011,1015,1019,1024],{"__ignoreMap":804},[808,1007,1008],{"class":810,"line":811},[808,1009,1010],{},"ArrayList\u003CString> configLines = new ArrayList\u003CString>();\n",[808,1012,1013],{"class":810,"line":817},[808,1014,902],{},[808,1016,1017],{"class":810,"line":823},[808,1018,861],{},[808,1020,1021],{"class":810,"line":830},[808,1022,1023],{},"    configLines.add(scan.nextLine());\n",[808,1025,1026],{"class":810,"line":836},[808,1027,888],{},[768,1029,1031],{"id":1030},"reading-into-objects","Reading Into Objects",[773,1033,1034,1035,1037],{},"Rather than working with raw ",[783,1036,953],{}," rows, define a class matching the file's columns and build one object per row — the same has-a\u002Fobject-per-record idea from Ch.7:",[799,1039,1041],{"className":801,"code":1040,"language":803,"meta":804,"style":804},"ArrayList\u003CAutoRoute> routes = new ArrayList\u003CAutoRoute>();\nwhile (scan.hasNext())\n{\n    String[] fields = scan.nextLine().split(\",\");\n    routes.add(new AutoRoute(fields[0], Double.parseDouble(fields[1]), fields[2]));\n}\n",[783,1042,1043,1048,1052,1056,1061,1066],{"__ignoreMap":804},[808,1044,1045],{"class":810,"line":811},[808,1046,1047],{},"ArrayList\u003CAutoRoute> routes = new ArrayList\u003CAutoRoute>();\n",[808,1049,1050],{"class":810,"line":817},[808,1051,902],{},[808,1053,1054],{"class":810,"line":823},[808,1055,861],{},[808,1057,1058],{"class":810,"line":830},[808,1059,1060],{},"    String[] fields = scan.nextLine().split(\",\");\n",[808,1062,1063],{"class":810,"line":836},[808,1064,1065],{},"    routes.add(new AutoRoute(fields[0], Double.parseDouble(fields[1]), fields[2]));\n",[808,1067,1068],{"class":810,"line":879},[808,1069,888],{},[768,1071,1073],{"id":1072},"common-pitfalls","Common Pitfalls",[1075,1076,1077,1088,1098],"ul",{},[1078,1079,1080,1087],"li",{},[1081,1082,1083,1084,1086],"strong",{},"Forgetting ",[783,1085,845],{}," (or a try\u002Fcatch)."," Java won't compile file-reading code unless you've acknowledged that opening the file might fail.",[1078,1089,1090,1097],{},[1081,1091,1092,1093,1096],{},"Forgetting to ",[783,1094,1095],{},"close()"," the scanner."," A small leak that adds up in a program that opens many files.",[1078,1099,1100,1103,1104,1107],{},[1081,1101,1102],{},"Trying to parse a header row as data."," The first line of a CSV is often column names, not values — skip it (e.g. ",[783,1105,1106],{},"if (i == 0) scan.nextLine();",") before parsing rows as real data.",[768,1109,1111],{"id":1110},"key-takeaways","Key Takeaways",[1075,1113,1114,1125,1134,1140],{},[1078,1115,1116,1118,1119,1121,1122,1124],{},[783,1117,785],{}," represents the file; ",[783,1120,793],{}," reads from it — both can throw exceptions if the file can't be opened, which Java requires you to acknowledge (",[783,1123,845],{},", or try\u002Fcatch).",[1078,1126,1127,1129,1130,1133],{},[783,1128,930],{}," combined with a ",[783,1131,1132],{},"while"," loop is the standard pattern for reading an entire file, line by line.",[1078,1135,1136,1139],{},[783,1137,1138],{},"String.split(\",\")"," breaks a CSV line into fields.",[1078,1141,1142],{},"Reading rows into custom objects (one object per line) is cleaner than working with raw split arrays once the data has real structure.",[773,1144,1145,1146,1149,1150,1153],{},"Derived from ",[783,1147,1148],{},"csawesome-2026",": ",[783,1151,1152],{},"unit-4-data-collections\u002F4.06-using-text-files.md"," (CSA 4.6)",[1155,1156,1157],"style",{},"html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":804,"searchDepth":817,"depth":817,"links":1159},[1160,1161,1162,1163,1164,1165,1166,1167],{"id":770,"depth":817,"text":771},{"id":778,"depth":817,"text":779},{"id":891,"depth":817,"text":892},{"id":938,"depth":817,"text":939},{"id":992,"depth":817,"text":993},{"id":1030,"depth":817,"text":1031},{"id":1072,"depth":817,"text":1073},{"id":1110,"depth":817,"text":1111},"md",{"outlineRef":1170,"status":1171},"9.8 — Using Text Files (CSA 4.6)","new — authored lesson (fuller depth than the teaser slide)",{"title":166,"description":804},"HPWzbr4-mV-Un8lfsU69ogqnTD49ERtOPnU9rhuFYwM",{"id":1175,"title":595,"body":1176,"description":804,"extension":1168,"meta":1604,"navigation":826,"path":594,"seo":1607,"stem":596,"__hash__":1608},"examples\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files.md",{"type":761,"value":1177,"toc":1591},[1178,1181,1185,1192,1198,1206,1210,1231,1237,1243,1343,1347,1357,1404,1408,1418,1427,1433,1440,1503,1508,1512,1521,1527,1531,1554,1560,1564,1589],[764,1179,595],{"id":1180},"using-text-files-worked-example",[768,1182,1184],{"id":1183},"problem","Problem",[773,1186,1187,1188,1191],{},"Read a CSV file of this weekend's practice-match results — one row per match, with a header row — into a list of ",[783,1189,1190],{},"MatchResult"," objects, then print each one.",[773,1193,1194,1197],{},[783,1195,1196],{},"practice_scores.csv",":",[799,1199,1204],{"className":1200,"code":1202,"language":1203},[1201],"language-text","matchNumber,score,opponent\n1,38.0,IronClad\n2,45.5,Voltage Vipers\n3,52.0,Circuit Breakers\n","text",[783,1205,1202],{"__ignoreMap":804},[768,1207,1209],{"id":1208},"step-1-plan-it-first","Step 1: Plan It First",[1211,1212,1213,1216,1219,1222,1228],"ol",{},[1078,1214,1215],{},"Open the file.",[1078,1217,1218],{},"Skip the header row.",[1078,1220,1221],{},"Read each remaining row and split it into fields.",[1078,1223,1224,1225,1227],{},"Build one ",[783,1226,1190],{}," object per row.",[1078,1229,1230],{},"Close the file, then print the results.",[768,1232,1234,1235],{"id":1233},"step-2-define-matchresult","Step 2: Define ",[783,1236,1190],{},[773,1238,1239,1240,1242],{},"Rather than juggling raw ",[783,1241,953],{}," rows everywhere, one object per record keeps the three related fields together:",[799,1244,1246],{"className":801,"code":1245,"language":803,"meta":804,"style":804},"public class MatchResult\n{\n    private int matchNumber;\n    private double score;\n    private String opponent;\n\n    public MatchResult(int matchNumber, double score, String opponent)\n    {\n        this.matchNumber = matchNumber;\n        this.score = score;\n        this.opponent = opponent;\n    }\n\n    public String toString()\n    {\n        return \"Match \" + matchNumber + \": \" + score + \" vs \" + opponent;\n    }\n}\n",[783,1247,1248,1253,1257,1262,1267,1272,1276,1281,1287,1293,1299,1305,1311,1316,1322,1327,1333,1338],{"__ignoreMap":804},[808,1249,1250],{"class":810,"line":811},[808,1251,1252],{},"public class MatchResult\n",[808,1254,1255],{"class":810,"line":817},[808,1256,861],{},[808,1258,1259],{"class":810,"line":823},[808,1260,1261],{},"    private int matchNumber;\n",[808,1263,1264],{"class":810,"line":830},[808,1265,1266],{},"    private double score;\n",[808,1268,1269],{"class":810,"line":836},[808,1270,1271],{},"    private String opponent;\n",[808,1273,1274],{"class":810,"line":879},[808,1275,827],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":826},[808,1277,1278],{"class":810,"line":885},[808,1279,1280],{},"    public MatchResult(int matchNumber, double score, String opponent)\n",[808,1282,1284],{"class":810,"line":1283},8,[808,1285,1286],{},"    {\n",[808,1288,1290],{"class":810,"line":1289},9,[808,1291,1292],{},"        this.matchNumber = matchNumber;\n",[808,1294,1296],{"class":810,"line":1295},10,[808,1297,1298],{},"        this.score = score;\n",[808,1300,1302],{"class":810,"line":1301},11,[808,1303,1304],{},"        this.opponent = opponent;\n",[808,1306,1308],{"class":810,"line":1307},12,[808,1309,1310],{},"    }\n",[808,1312,1314],{"class":810,"line":1313},13,[808,1315,827],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":826},[808,1317,1319],{"class":810,"line":1318},14,[808,1320,1321],{},"    public String toString()\n",[808,1323,1325],{"class":810,"line":1324},15,[808,1326,1286],{},[808,1328,1330],{"class":810,"line":1329},16,[808,1331,1332],{},"        return \"Match \" + matchNumber + \": \" + score + \" vs \" + opponent;\n",[808,1334,1336],{"class":810,"line":1335},17,[808,1337,1310],{},[808,1339,1341],{"class":810,"line":1340},18,[808,1342,888],{},[768,1344,1346],{"id":1345},"step-3-open-the-file","Step 3: Open the File",[773,1348,1349,1351,1352,1354,1355,1197],{},[783,1350,785],{}," represents the file itself; ",[783,1353,793],{}," reads from it. Opening a file can fail, so the method needs ",[783,1356,845],{},[799,1358,1360],{"className":801,"code":1359,"language":803,"meta":804,"style":804},"import java.io.*;\nimport java.util.*;\n\npublic static void main(String[] args) throws IOException\n{\n    File scoresFile = new File(\"practice_scores.csv\");\n    Scanner scan = new Scanner(scoresFile);\n\n    \u002F\u002F ...\n}\n",[783,1361,1362,1366,1370,1374,1378,1382,1387,1392,1396,1400],{"__ignoreMap":804},[808,1363,1364],{"class":810,"line":811},[808,1365,814],{},[808,1367,1368],{"class":810,"line":817},[808,1369,820],{},[808,1371,1372],{"class":810,"line":823},[808,1373,827],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":826},[808,1375,1376],{"class":810,"line":830},[808,1377,856],{},[808,1379,1380],{"class":810,"line":836},[808,1381,861],{},[808,1383,1384],{"class":810,"line":879},[808,1385,1386],{},"    File scoresFile = new File(\"practice_scores.csv\");\n",[808,1388,1389],{"class":810,"line":885},[808,1390,1391],{},"    Scanner scan = new Scanner(scoresFile);\n",[808,1393,1394],{"class":810,"line":1283},[808,1395,827],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":826},[808,1397,1398],{"class":810,"line":1289},[808,1399,876],{},[808,1401,1402],{"class":810,"line":1295},[808,1403,888],{},[768,1405,1407],{"id":1406},"step-4-skip-the-header-row","Step 4: Skip the Header Row",[773,1409,1410,1411,1414,1415,1197],{},"The first line is column names, not data — reading it as a row would crash when ",[783,1412,1413],{},"Double.parseDouble"," hit the text ",[783,1416,1417],{},"\"score\"",[799,1419,1421],{"className":801,"code":1420,"language":803,"meta":804,"style":804},"scan.nextLine(); \u002F\u002F discards \"matchNumber,score,opponent\"\n",[783,1422,1423],{"__ignoreMap":804},[808,1424,1425],{"class":810,"line":811},[808,1426,1420],{},[768,1428,1430,1431],{"id":1429},"step-5-read-each-remaining-row-into-a-matchresult","Step 5: Read Each Remaining Row Into a ",[783,1432,1190],{},[773,1434,1435,1129,1437,1439],{},[783,1436,930],{},[783,1438,1132],{}," loop reads until the file ends; each line is split on commas into fields:",[799,1441,1443],{"className":801,"code":1442,"language":803,"meta":804,"style":804},"ArrayList\u003CMatchResult> results = new ArrayList\u003CMatchResult>();\n\nwhile (scan.hasNext())\n{\n    String line = scan.nextLine();\n    String[] fields = line.split(\",\");\n\n    int matchNumber = Integer.parseInt(fields[0]);\n    double score = Double.parseDouble(fields[1]);\n    String opponent = fields[2];\n\n    results.add(new MatchResult(matchNumber, score, opponent));\n}\n",[783,1444,1445,1450,1454,1458,1462,1466,1471,1475,1480,1485,1490,1494,1499],{"__ignoreMap":804},[808,1446,1447],{"class":810,"line":811},[808,1448,1449],{},"ArrayList\u003CMatchResult> results = new ArrayList\u003CMatchResult>();\n",[808,1451,1452],{"class":810,"line":817},[808,1453,827],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":826},[808,1455,1456],{"class":810,"line":823},[808,1457,902],{},[808,1459,1460],{"class":810,"line":830},[808,1461,861],{},[808,1463,1464],{"class":810,"line":836},[808,1465,911],{},[808,1467,1468],{"class":810,"line":879},[808,1469,1470],{},"    String[] fields = line.split(\",\");\n",[808,1472,1473],{"class":810,"line":885},[808,1474,827],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":826},[808,1476,1477],{"class":810,"line":1283},[808,1478,1479],{},"    int matchNumber = Integer.parseInt(fields[0]);\n",[808,1481,1482],{"class":810,"line":1289},[808,1483,1484],{},"    double score = Double.parseDouble(fields[1]);\n",[808,1486,1487],{"class":810,"line":1295},[808,1488,1489],{},"    String opponent = fields[2];\n",[808,1491,1492],{"class":810,"line":1301},[808,1493,827],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":826},[808,1495,1496],{"class":810,"line":1307},[808,1497,1498],{},"    results.add(new MatchResult(matchNumber, score, opponent));\n",[808,1500,1501],{"class":810,"line":1313},[808,1502,888],{},[773,1504,1505,1507],{},[783,1506,999],{}," is used here rather than an array because the number of matches isn't known in advance — it's however many rows the file happens to have.",[768,1509,1511],{"id":1510},"step-6-close-the-file","Step 6: Close the File",[799,1513,1515],{"className":801,"code":1514,"language":803,"meta":804,"style":804},"scan.close();\n",[783,1516,1517],{"__ignoreMap":804},[808,1518,1519],{"class":810,"line":811},[808,1520,1514],{},[773,1522,1523,1524,1526],{},"Always close a ",[783,1525,793],{}," once done reading — a small leak that adds up in a program that opens many files.",[768,1528,1530],{"id":1529},"step-7-print-the-results","Step 7: Print the Results",[799,1532,1534],{"className":801,"code":1533,"language":803,"meta":804,"style":804},"for (MatchResult result : results)\n{\n    System.out.println(result);\n}\n",[783,1535,1536,1541,1545,1550],{"__ignoreMap":804},[808,1537,1538],{"class":810,"line":811},[808,1539,1540],{},"for (MatchResult result : results)\n",[808,1542,1543],{"class":810,"line":817},[808,1544,861],{},[808,1546,1547],{"class":810,"line":823},[808,1548,1549],{},"    System.out.println(result);\n",[808,1551,1552],{"class":810,"line":830},[808,1553,888],{},[799,1555,1558],{"className":1556,"code":1557,"language":1203},[1201],"Match 1: 38.0 vs IronClad\nMatch 2: 45.5 vs Voltage Vipers\nMatch 3: 52.0 vs Circuit Breakers\n",[783,1559,1557],{"__ignoreMap":804},[768,1561,1563],{"id":1562},"recap","Recap",[1075,1565,1566,1574,1580,1584,1587],{},[1078,1567,1568,1118,1570,1121,1572,1124],{},[783,1569,785],{},[783,1571,793],{},[783,1573,845],{},[1078,1575,1576,1129,1578,1133],{},[783,1577,930],{},[783,1579,1132],{},[1078,1581,1582,1139],{},[783,1583,1138],{},[1078,1585,1586],{},"The first line of a CSV is often column names, not values — skip it before parsing rows as real data.",[1078,1588,1142],{},[1155,1590,1157],{},{"title":804,"searchDepth":817,"depth":817,"links":1592},[1593,1594,1595,1597,1598,1599,1601,1602,1603],{"id":1183,"depth":817,"text":1184},{"id":1208,"depth":817,"text":1209},{"id":1233,"depth":817,"text":1596},"Step 2: Define MatchResult",{"id":1345,"depth":817,"text":1346},{"id":1406,"depth":817,"text":1407},{"id":1429,"depth":817,"text":1600},"Step 5: Read Each Remaining Row Into a MatchResult",{"id":1510,"depth":817,"text":1511},{"id":1529,"depth":817,"text":1530},{"id":1562,"depth":817,"text":1563},{"outlineRef":1170,"pairsWith":1605,"status":1606},"[`lessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files.md`](..\u002F..\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files.md)","new — authored worked example (fully solved, walked step by step — not a problem to attempt)",{"title":595,"description":804},"OtQR9JErxYPoFZHuqWTox-M0OVf6d2Ehu29qUDT6Ghs",{"id":1610,"title":756,"body":1611,"description":804,"extension":1168,"meta":2016,"navigation":826,"path":755,"seo":2018,"stem":757,"__hash__":2019},"exercises\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files.md",{"type":761,"value":1612,"toc":2012},[1613,1616,1620,1634,1664,1669,1691,1697,1721,1748,1752,1762,1765,1827,1832,1943,2010],[764,1614,756],{"id":1615},"using-text-files-exercises",[768,1617,1619],{"id":1618},"multiple-choice","Multiple Choice",[773,1621,1622,1625,1626,1629,1630,1633],{},[1081,1623,1624],{},"Question:"," A CSV file's first line is ",[783,1627,1628],{},"teamNumber,winCount"," (column headers), followed by real data rows like ",[783,1631,1632],{},"1622,14",". What happens if this code runs without skipping the header row first?",[799,1635,1637],{"className":801,"code":1636,"language":803,"meta":804,"style":804},"while (scan.hasNext())\n{\n    String[] fields = scan.nextLine().split(\",\");\n    int wins = Integer.parseInt(fields[1]);\n    \u002F\u002F ...\n}\n",[783,1638,1639,1643,1647,1651,1656,1660],{"__ignoreMap":804},[808,1640,1641],{"class":810,"line":811},[808,1642,902],{},[808,1644,1645],{"class":810,"line":817},[808,1646,861],{},[808,1648,1649],{"class":810,"line":823},[808,1650,1060],{},[808,1652,1653],{"class":810,"line":830},[808,1654,1655],{},"    int wins = Integer.parseInt(fields[1]);\n",[808,1657,1658],{"class":810,"line":836},[808,1659,876],{},[808,1661,1662],{"class":810,"line":879},[808,1663,888],{},[773,1665,1666],{},[1081,1667,1668],{},"Options:",[1075,1670,1671,1682,1685,1688],{},[1078,1672,1673,1674,1677,1678,1681],{},"A. Throws a ",[783,1675,1676],{},"NumberFormatException"," when it tries to parse ",[783,1679,1680],{},"\"winCount\""," as an integer",[1078,1683,1684],{},"B. Silently treats the header as a valid row with 0 wins",[1078,1686,1687],{},"C. Automatically skips the header row, since Java recognizes column names",[1078,1689,1690],{},"D. Compiles fine but the loop never runs",[773,1692,1693,1696],{},[1081,1694,1695],{},"Answer:"," A",[773,1698,1699,1702,1703,1706,1707,1709,1710,1713,1714,1717,1718,1720],{},[1081,1700,1701],{},"Why:"," On the very first iteration, ",[783,1704,1705],{},"fields[1]"," is the literal text ",[783,1708,1680],{},", and ",[783,1711,1712],{},"Integer.parseInt(\"winCount\")"," can't convert non-numeric text into an ",[783,1715,1716],{},"int"," — it throws a ",[783,1719,1676],{}," at run time. This is exactly why the lesson calls out skipping the header row as a required step, not optional cleanup.",[1075,1722,1723,1733,1736],{},[1078,1724,1725,1726,1728,1729,1732],{},"B is wrong — Java doesn't guess a fallback value; trying to parse non-numeric text as an ",[783,1727,1716],{}," fails loudly instead of quietly substituting ",[783,1730,1731],{},"0",".",[1078,1734,1735],{},"C is wrong — Java has no built-in awareness of \"column headers\" in a CSV; it reads whatever text is on the first line just like any other line.",[1078,1737,1738,1739,931,1741,1743,1744,1747],{},"D is wrong — the loop does run: ",[783,1740,930],{},[783,1742,934],{}," and the first ",[783,1745,1746],{},"nextLine()"," succeeds; the crash happens partway through processing that first line, not before the loop starts.",[768,1749,1751],{"id":1750},"micro-parsons","Micro-Parsons",[773,1753,1754,1757,1758,1761],{},[1081,1755,1756],{},"Problem:"," This method will live in a class alongside a ",[783,1759,1760],{},"main"," method that calls it with a filename. These lines, once correctly ordered, form the complete method that opens a file by name, counts how many lines it contains, and returns that count.",[773,1763,1764],{},"Reorder the fragments below into a working method:",[1075,1766,1767,1773,1779,1785,1791,1797,1803,1809,1815,1821],{},[1078,1768,1769,1770],{},"a. ",[783,1771,1772],{},"    }",[1078,1774,1775,1776],{},"b. ",[783,1777,1778],{},"    Scanner scan = new Scanner(new File(filename));",[1078,1780,1781,1782],{},"c. ",[783,1783,1784],{},"public static int countLines(String filename) throws IOException",[1078,1786,1787,1788],{},"d. ",[783,1789,1790],{},"        scan.nextLine(); count++;",[1078,1792,1793,1794],{},"e. ",[783,1795,1796],{},"    int count = 0;",[1078,1798,1799,1800],{},"f. ",[783,1801,1802],{},"}",[1078,1804,1805,1806],{},"g. ",[783,1807,1808],{},"    while (scan.hasNext())",[1078,1810,1811,1812],{},"h. ",[783,1813,1814],{},"    {",[1078,1816,1817,1818],{},"i. ",[783,1819,1820],{},"    scan.close(); return count;",[1078,1822,1823,1824],{},"j. ",[783,1825,1826],{},"{",[773,1828,1829,1831],{},[1081,1830,1695],{}," c, j, b, e, g, h, d, a, i, f",[799,1833,1835],{"className":801,"code":1834,"language":803,"meta":804,"style":804},"import java.io.File;\nimport java.io.IOException;\nimport java.util.Scanner;\n\npublic class MatchLogReader\n{\n    public static int countLines(String filename) throws IOException\n    {\n        Scanner scan = new Scanner(new File(filename));\n        int count = 0;\n        while (scan.hasNext())\n        {\n            scan.nextLine(); count++;\n        }\n        scan.close(); return count;\n    }\n\n    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException\n    {\n        System.out.println(countLines(\"matchLog.txt\"));\n    }\n}\n",[783,1836,1837,1842,1847,1852,1856,1861,1865,1870,1874,1879,1884,1889,1894,1899,1904,1909,1913,1917,1922,1927,1933,1938],{"__ignoreMap":804},[808,1838,1839],{"class":810,"line":811},[808,1840,1841],{},"import java.io.File;\n",[808,1843,1844],{"class":810,"line":817},[808,1845,1846],{},"import java.io.IOException;\n",[808,1848,1849],{"class":810,"line":823},[808,1850,1851],{},"import java.util.Scanner;\n",[808,1853,1854],{"class":810,"line":830},[808,1855,827],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":826},[808,1857,1858],{"class":810,"line":836},[808,1859,1860],{},"public class MatchLogReader\n",[808,1862,1863],{"class":810,"line":879},[808,1864,861],{},[808,1866,1867],{"class":810,"line":885},[808,1868,1869],{},"    public static int countLines(String filename) throws IOException\n",[808,1871,1872],{"class":810,"line":1283},[808,1873,1286],{},[808,1875,1876],{"class":810,"line":1289},[808,1877,1878],{},"        Scanner scan = new Scanner(new File(filename));\n",[808,1880,1881],{"class":810,"line":1295},[808,1882,1883],{},"        int count = 0;\n",[808,1885,1886],{"class":810,"line":1301},[808,1887,1888],{},"        while (scan.hasNext())\n",[808,1890,1891],{"class":810,"line":1307},[808,1892,1893],{},"        {\n",[808,1895,1896],{"class":810,"line":1313},[808,1897,1898],{},"            scan.nextLine(); count++;\n",[808,1900,1901],{"class":810,"line":1318},[808,1902,1903],{},"        }\n",[808,1905,1906],{"class":810,"line":1324},[808,1907,1908],{},"        scan.close(); return count;\n",[808,1910,1911],{"class":810,"line":1329},[808,1912,1310],{},[808,1914,1915],{"class":810,"line":1335},[808,1916,827],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":826},[808,1918,1919],{"class":810,"line":1340},[808,1920,1921],{},"    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException\n",[808,1923,1925],{"class":810,"line":1924},19,[808,1926,1286],{},[808,1928,1930],{"class":810,"line":1929},20,[808,1931,1932],{},"        System.out.println(countLines(\"matchLog.txt\"));\n",[808,1934,1936],{"class":810,"line":1935},21,[808,1937,1310],{},[808,1939,1941],{"class":810,"line":1940},22,[808,1942,888],{},[773,1944,1945,1948,1949,1952,1953,1955,1956,1959,1960,1962,1963,1966,1967,1962,1969,1972,1973,1962,1976,1979,1980,1983,1984,1987,1988,1991,1992,1995,1996,1999,2000,2002,2003,2006,2007,2009],{},[1081,1946,1947],{},"Why this order:"," The method header (",[783,1950,1951],{},"c",") needs ",[783,1954,845],{}," since opening a file can fail, and its opening brace (",[783,1957,1958],{},"j",") follows immediately. The ",[783,1961,793],{}," (",[783,1964,1965],{},"b",") must exist before ",[783,1968,930],{},[783,1970,1971],{},"g",") can be called on it, and ",[783,1974,1975],{},"count",[783,1977,1978],{},"e",") must be declared before the loop can increment it. Inside the loop (",[783,1981,1982],{},"h","), each pass reads one line and bumps the counter (",[783,1985,1986],{},"d",") — both need to happen every iteration, so they're combined on one line. Once the loop finishes (its closing brace, ",[783,1989,1990],{},"a","), the scanner is closed and the final count is returned (",[783,1993,1994],{},"i",") — closing and returning only make sense after every line has been read. The method's closing brace (",[783,1997,1998],{},"f",") comes last. The surrounding class, imports, and ",[783,2001,1760],{}," (which calls ",[783,2004,2005],{},"countLines"," and also declares ",[783,2008,845],{},") are the given scaffold.",[1155,2011,1157],{},{"title":804,"searchDepth":817,"depth":817,"links":2013},[2014,2015],{"id":1618,"depth":817,"text":1619},{"id":1750,"depth":817,"text":1751},{"outlineRef":1170,"pairsWith":1605,"status":2017},"new — authored exercises (Multiple Choice + Micro-Parsons)",{"title":756,"description":804},"XgHRoLFTkfuTyXzNGsoFVLcULJULqwz8CDkVCZJDBlo",1790274944505]